The plenary will address the complex and often polarising debates around immigration in Europe, focusing particularly on the European Union and the United Kingdom. While there is consensus that immigration is reshaping societies, perspectives diverge sharply on key issues, ranging from the scale and legality of migration to its economic, social, and security implications. These debates are increasingly linked to the rise of populist political movements and growing concerns about the resilience of democratic institutions. With elections taking place across Europe in 2025, this plenary aims to provide a timely and thoughtful exploration of the stakes involved.