Context

This paper is part of the H2020 research project ‘Understanding value co-creation in public services for transforming European public administrations — Co-VAL’. It contributes to the empirical analysis of WP6 which deals with ‘Structural transformations: public-private innovation networks and social innovation in public services’.

Literature

Literature on Public Sector Innovation, social innovation, Co-Creation, Public Private Partnerships, Service Innovation, Multiagent Framework

Literature Gap

To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive review of PSINSIs in a Danish context has been made so far.

Research Questions

The paper reviews the theoretical, empirical and “grey” literature on national public service innovation networks for social innovation ( PSINSI) in the specific Danish context. The RQs address the nature of PSINSIs (what they are), what they are used for, how they are organized and the main results achieved.

Methodology

We conducted a literature review. The documents have been retrieved from Google and key web sites of Danish governmental and research organizations.

We looked for Danish theoretical, empirical and 'grey literature', written both in Danish and in English. The search resulted into 225 reports that were screened for relevance first by looking at abstracts and introduction and through the whole report/paper. We selected 23 relevant documents, which were grouped into themes.

Empirical Material

• Secondary documents and academic article as described above

Results

The study finds that the Danish theoretical, empirical and “grey” literature on national public service innovation networks for social innovation ( PSINSI) can be grouped according to 4 themes: 1) ‘Samskabelse’ (co-creation), 2) collaboration with the civil society, 3) social entrepreneurs and social innovation, 4) public-private innovation partnerships. These themes are described in depth in the review of the literature. In particular, the study discusses which agents are involved in the PSINSIs, the role played by the public agents, the nature of the target innovation and finally the main sector concerned by the innovation in question.

Contribution to Scholarship

The main contribution of this study consists of the systematic review of the concept and application of PSINSis in the particular Danish context, highlighting that the concept takes several forms and names in the Danish literature.

Contribution to Practice

The study may be relevant to public sector managers and servants, private organizations as well as other societal actors interested to start and engage in PSINSIs related projects both in Denmark and in other countries. The review, in fact, presents and discusses a number of Danish-based PSINSIs projects, which are the base for interesting learning lessons.

Fitness

The article is extremely relevant for this year’s conference as it addresses how different actors from different sectors (public, private and civil society) can collaborate in more or less formalized relations to contribute to social innovation

Bibliography

• Bibliography (Preliminary)

Bianchini, F. (2013), 'Cultural planning and its interpretations', in Young, G. and Stevenson, D. (eds.), The Ashgate research companion to planning and culture, Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, pp. 377–392.

Groes, L., Barter, T. S., Vittrup, C. and Øllgaard, S. (2011), Kommunal nytænkning - en håndbog om hvordan kommuner involverer virksomheder i udvikling af velfærdsydelser, København: Væksthus Hovedstadsregionen

Mair, J. and Marti, I. (2006), 'Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight', Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36-44.

Martinelli, F., Moulaert, F. and González, S. (2010), 'Creatively designing urban futures: a Transversal analysis of socially innovative initiatives', in Moulaert, F., Martinelli, F., Swyngedouw, E. and González, S. (eds.), Can neighbourhoods save the city? Community development and social innovation, London: Routledge, pp. 198–218.

Moore, M. H. (1995), Creating public value: Strategic management in government, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Mulgan, G. (2006), 'The Process of Social Innovation', Innovations, 1(2), 145-162.

Niemi, I., Aps, J., Bach, P., Lukjanska, R., Danys, M., Cebula, A. and Bergstrand, B.-O. (2015), Social entrerprise sector snapshot around The Baltic Sea: Stakeholders, education, impact analysis, Bruxelles: Erasmus+.

Sørensen, E. and Torfing, J. (2011), Samarbejdsdrevet innovation i den offentlige sektor, København: DJØF-forlaget.

Torfing, J. (2016), Collaborative Innovation in the Public Sector, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Voorberg, W. H., Bekkers, V. J. J. M. and Tummers, L. G. (2015), 'A systematic review of co-creation and co-production: Embarking on the social innovation journey', Public Management Review, 17(9), 1333–1357.

Young, G. (2008), 'The Culturization of Planning', Planning Theory, 7(1), 71–91.

Context

In our H 2020 project "Understanding value co-creation in public services for transforming European public administrations", the collaboration between public authorities and different private actors is a relevant topic in several of the WPs. In the paper we focus on how this interactions are developed in a Nordic context.

Literature

Esping-Andersen, G. (1990) The Three worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge, Polity Press

Hartley, J.,Sørensen,E. and Torfing, J.(2013) Collaborative innovation: A viable alternative to market competition and organizational entrepreneurship.

Public administration review, p.821-830

Roberts,N.C. (2000) Wicked problems and network approaches to resolution.

International public management review, p.1-19

Sørensen, E. and Torfing, J.(2011)Enhancing collaborative innovations in the public sector.

Administration and Society, p.842-868

Williams, B.N.,Kang, S-C and Johnson, J.(2017) (Co)-Contamination as the dark side of co-production processes.

Public management review, p.692-717

Literature Gap

In spite of the fact that both politicians and reseachers promote collaboration between public and private actors in welfare services, we lack empirical studies to understand drivers and barriers in these interaction processes.

Research Questions

Can enlarged co-operation between public and private actors contribute to more social innovations in welfare services?

A study of P-P interaction in a Nordic context.

Methodology

We have conducted a literature review for Norwegian studies in the field, and we are conducting several case studies for an expanded understanding of the P-P interaction in our Nordic context.

Empirical Material

The empirical material will come from the studies described above.

Results

The result will be presented at the conference. But in a European context the Nordic countries, and especially Norway, can be seen as reluctant to inviting private actors in to solve"public tasks"

Contribution to Scholarship

Our aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between public and private actors in general, since we still lack empirical studies. But we will be mainly concerned about an understanding of this interaction in a Nordic context.

Contribution to Practice

Since the public sector in most European countries seems to lack resources to deliver the expected services to their citizens, empirical evidence from collaborative efforts should be of great interest

Fitness

Our study goes directly into Track 4.3, where we expect that the other contributions will bring forward data from other countries concerned

Bibliography

In addition to the references mentioned above ( Literature), we have these references:

Gray, B. (1989) Collaboration: Finding common ground for multiparty problems.

San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers

Sørensen, E. and Torfing, J.(2015) Enhancing Public innovation through Collaboration, Leadership and New Public Governance

in Nicholls, Simon, Gabriel and Whelan: New Frontiers in Social Innovation Research

Palgrave/Macmillan

Torfing,J. (2016) Collaborative innovation in public sector

Georgetown university press

Voorberg,W., Bekkers,V., Timeus,K. ,Tonurist, P. and Tummers, J.(2017 Changing public service delivery. Learning in co-creation.

Policy and Society, vol. 36. issue 5