ISCHE 45 - Natal
(De)Coloniality and Diversity in the Histories of Education
18 - 21 August 2024 | Natal, Brazil
5 - 6 September 2024 | online
Conference Agenda
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Please note that all times are shown in the time zone of the conference. The current conference time is: 13th Dec 2025, 05:43:10pm America, Fortaleza
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Session Overview |
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A1 ONLINE 01.1: Education in civil-military dictatorships in Latin American in 20th century. Part 1
ZOOM - Meeting room 1:
Meeting-ID: 853 1794 3296
Kenncode: 587818
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| Presentations | |
Education in civil-military dictatorships in Latin American in 20th century. Part 1 Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic At the beginning of the 21st century, studies on the civil-military dictatorships in the Latin American Southern Cone and in the subsequent processes of transitions towards democracy. New perspectives were developed in dialogue with the political history and the pedagogy of memory, in relation to theoretical approaches and frameworks emerging from history, sociology, anthropology, pedagogy and psychology. Citizen formation, the history of the different national States and the history world and regional teachings taught in the classrooms were permeated by disputes between historiographic currents, due to the struggles for memory about authoritarian regimes, and by the related policies adopted in each country. Particularly in history of education, investigations have expanded into to the ways in which dictatorships have affected the lives of teachers, students and school communities, in curricular proposals, in classroom practices, and in text productions and institutional developments. It also delved into the Historical inscriptions made possible its location in the processes of recovery of the democracies, and in the memory policies carried out since then. These new contributions enabled reflections and practices both in relation to their teaching as well as research on the topic. This was also possible due to the realization of archival works linked to the recovery and valorization of varied sources such as oral testimonies, “minor” documents, objects and material culture, and replacement tasks of experiences and assigning prominence to voices and subjects not always considered. Presentations of the Panel WITHDRAWN Intervention of Rural Schools during the Chilean civil-military Dictatorship (1973-1990): Life Stories of Relegated Teachers Intervención de Escuelas Rurales Durante la Dictadura Civil Militar Chilena (1973-1990): Historias de Vida de Profesoras y Profesores Relegados In Chile, during the civil-military dictatorship (1973-1990), the educational system was intervened. While the Armed Forces and the secret police persecuted teachers, the Ministry of Public Education closed the Normal Schools and the National Council of Education. Decrees with the force of law reconfigured the teaching work and privatized the educational system. This process has been studied by many historical researchers. This set of works is focused on analyzing how the policies of the dictatorship impacted the teaching profession, the university, urban schools, and high schools. However, there are few studies dedicated to examining what happened to rural schools. In this framework, this presentation aims to analyze the intervention process of the school system during the civil-military dictatorship, based on the life stories of teachers who were relegated to rural schools in the current Región de O’Higgins. Paper Abstract (in Language of Presentation): En Chile, durante la dictadura civil militar (1973-1990), el sistema educativo fue fuertemente Bibliography
Diamant, A., Romano, A., Pineau, P. (2020) Dictaduras, autoritarismos y educación en el siglo XX iberoamericano. En Revista Fermentario. Departamento de Historia y Filosofía de la Educación, del Instituto de Educación de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Uruguay y Departamento de Filosofia e História da Educação, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil. (213 p.) WITHDRAWN School aesthetics and modernizing authoritarianism: the "Revolucion Argentina", (Argentina, 1966-1973) Estética Escolar y Autoritarismo Modernizador: El Caso De La Revolución Argentina, (Argentina, 1966-1973) The civil-military dictatorship that began in Argentina in 1966 imposed a “long dictatorship” in that country that lasted seven years, whose objective was not to “put in order” a supposed exceptional situation, but rather to establish long-lasting governments that would advance profound social changes. In this way, it proposed a set of both micro and macro educational measures that affected the functioning of the educational system and daily school life. In this presentation we want to delve into the modifications proposed and carried out in "school aesthetics" during that period. We understand for “school aesthetics” as the set of operations that permeates the entirety of institutional life, aimed at the education of the senses for the formation of individual and collective sensibilities. It seeks to convert the sensory world of the intervening subjects into certain sensitivities that condition taste to a network of values, from which one is in a position to formulate the correct judgments and generate a special aesthetic delight, which is projected in other spaces and social actions. For the case under analysis, a special combination of repressive marks is verified - which acted especially on the bodies of the individuals and in collective rituals - with modernizing marks - more present in material culture and in didactic proposals. This configured a strategy that, while promoting their special policies, sought to respond to the social changes that were contemporary to them. For its development, we will focus on the collections preserved in the “Espacios de Memoria” project of the Normal School no. 2 “Mariano Acosta” (written sources, objects, photographs, interviews, etc.) of the City of Buenos Aires, both for its ease of accessibility, and for considering that institution as a significant case for understanding general policies. Paper Abstract (in Language of Presentation): La dictadura cívico-militar iniciada en Argentina en 1966 impuso en ese país una “dictadura larga” que se extendió por siete años, cuyo objetivo no era “ordenar” una supuesta situación excepcional, sino establecer gobiernos de larga duración que avanzaran en modificaciones sociales profundas. De esta forma, propuso un conjunto de medidas educativas tanto micro como macro que afectaron el funcionamiento del sistema educativo y la cotidianeidad escolar. En esta ponencia queremos profundizar en las modificaciones propuestas y realizadas en el registro de la «estética escolar» en ese período. Entendemos como tal al conjunto de operaciones que impregna la totalidad de la vida institucional, destinada a la educación de los sentidos para la formación de sensibilidades individuales y colectivas. Busca convertir al mundo sensorial de los sujetos intervinientes en determinadas sensibilidades que acondicionan el gusto a una red de valores, desde la cual se está en condiciones de formular los juicios correctos y generar un especial deleite estético, que se proyecta en otros espacios y acciones sociales. Para el caso en análisis, se verifica una especial combinación de marcas represivas –que actuaron especialmente en los cuerpos de los sujetos, y en los rituales colectivos-, con marcas modernizadoras –más presentes en la cultura material y en las propuestas didácticas-, que configuraron una estrategia que al vez que impulsaba sus políticas, buscaba responder a los cambios sociales que le eran contemporáneos. Para su desarrollo, se utilizarán principalmente los acervos conservados en el proyecto “Espacios de Memoria” de la Escuela Normal n. 2 “Mariano Acosta” (fuentes escritas, objetos, fotografías, entrevistas, etc.), tanto por su facilidad de acceso, como por considerar a esa institución como un ejemplo significativo para comprender las políticas generales. Bibliography
Diamant, A., Romano, A., Pineau, P. (2020) Dictaduras, autoritarismos y educación en el siglo XX iberoamericano. En Revista Fermentario. Departamento de Historia y Filosofía de la Educación, del Instituto de Educación de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Uruguay y Departamento de Filosofia e História da Educação, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil. (213 p.) Political education and democracy in the Brazilian Civil-Military Dictatorship (1964-1985) Educación Política y Democracia en la Dictadura Civil Militar Brasileña (1964-1985) Analyzing the period of the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship (1964 - 1985), we believe that democracy is an inaccurate concept if we do not consider its historical course and the contexts in which it is mobilized. We operate with a document set that allowed us to unravel a narrative about political education that intended to give visibility and embody the regime's ideology. We show that in that ideological project, education was central to disseminating values and forms of political behavior. Far from denying the concept of democracy, the technocrats prescribed an indirect and tutored democracy that evoked the value of the community in national life under the authoritarian baton. Paper Abstract (in Language of Presentation): Analizando el período de la dictadura cívico-militar brasileña (1964 - 1985), sostenemos que la democracia es un concepto inexacto si no tenemos en cuenta su curso histórico y los contextos en los que se moviliza. Operamos con un corpus documental que nos permite desentrañar una narrativa sobre la educación política que pretendía dar visibilidad y encarnar la ideología del régimen. Mostramos que en ese proyecto ideológico, la educación fue central para la difusión de valores y formas de comportamiento político. Lejos de negar el concepto de democracia, los tecnócratas civiles y militares prescribieron una democracia ind irecta y tutelada que evocaba el valor de la comunidad en la vida nacional, bajo la batuta autoritaria. Bibliography
Diamant, A., Romano, A., Pineau, P. (2020) Dictaduras, autoritarismos y educación en el siglo XX iberoamericano. En Revista Fermentario. Departamento de Historia y Filosofía de la Educación, del Instituto de Educación de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Uruguay y Departamento de Filosofia e História da Educação, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil. (213 p.) | |
