This study investigated the release of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from the Gold One Tailings Dam Complex (TDC) in Randfontein, South Africa. The Gold One TDC generally comprised a PTE-leached upper oxidized zone and PTE-enriched lower oxidized, transition and reduced zones. Acid-base accounting determined that TD materials were largely acid-generating. According to sequential extraction procedures, Co and Pb yielded the highest potentially bioavailable concentrations, compared to Cu, Ni and Zn. The results suggest that Co and Pb may pose increased threat to the health of the environment and wildlife.

Since the initiation of the Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM), the adoption by mining companies of advanced monitoring technologies has expanded. These systems utilize continuous, near-real-time data from diverse sensors, integrating geotechnical, hydrological, and environmental measurements. Enhanced by real-time data fusion and advanced statistical analysis, the technology enables the detection of subtle structural deviations, improving the accuracy of quantitative risk assessments, and reducing false positives. Dynamic, tailored response plans are activated based on detected anomalies and forward-looking statistical trend analysis, enabling swift, informed decision-making. This approach enhances safety and proactive risk management for tailings storage facilities and promotes regulatory compliance, operational efficiency, and sustainability.