Conference Agenda

Problem Statement and Purpose

South African municipalities have been plagued by persistent poor service delivery, financial mismanagement, governance instability, and deteriorating infrastructure (AGSA, 2023) which has led to numerous service delivery protests across the country. These protests are the culmination of frustration from residents due to services not being rendered or neglected in municipalities. The ability of municipalities to render services is primarily influenced by the fast pace of changes stemming from political, economic, social, and technological conditions, natural environmental risks, and health risks (Munzhedzi, 2021:2). Notably these changes impact on the changing nature of work and organisational learning within municipalities. Mehrabi, Alemzadeh, Jadidi, and Mahdevar (2013:134) have noted that organisational culture is strongly associated with organisational learning and service delivery. It is becoming more evident that South African municipal leadership need to move municipalities towards alternative and improved service delivery.

Generally, there has been a lack of, ineffective use of, and inefficient alternative service delivery mechanisms. Competent public servants are required to deliver services accountably and require an Organisational Learning Culture (OLC) that embraces service-orientation and learning-orientation to support and improve service delivery (RSA, 2021). Furthermore, municipalities that foster organisational learning and improvement provide opportunities for alternative service delivery mechanisms.

This paper aims to explore how municipal leadership can prioritise an OLC toward alternative and improved service delivery in South Africa.

Methodology

A literature review will examine international and national literature on the conceptual and theoretical frameworks that underpin leading an OLC that supports alternative and improved service delivery.

Findings

An OLC becomes essential in local government as it promotes organisational learning and shapes the way leaders, managers and public servants conduct themselves and render services. Ultimately, municipalities require competent leaders, managers, and public servants to operate in learning organisations which are service-oriented and accountable to the changing needs of communities. Leaders must move away from their traditional roles of planning, organising, staffing, directing, and controlling to embrace new functions and qualities that meet municipalities’ challenges. In cultivating an OLC, the personal values, commitment, mindset and competencies of municipal leaders, managers and public servants are vital characteristics for organisational learning.

Proposals

Public servants’ cultural beliefs and values influence: i) standards and work ethic; ii) working in teams, groups, or silos; iii) the presence or absence of a learning culture, and iv) accountable service delivery to communities. Cultural beliefs and values may hinder or promote an organisational commitment to learning and moreso, when public servants are (un)willing to participate in organisational learning (Oh and Han, 2020:1). A novel aspect of this literature review is based on developing a South African integrated OLC framework that can strengthen accountable service delivery in municipalities inclusive of alternative and improved service delivery.

References

Alerasoul, S.A., Afeltra, G., Hakala, H., Minelli, E., and Strouzzi, F. 2021. Organisational Learning, Learning Organisation and Learning Orientation, An integrative Review and Framework. Human Resource Management Review. Available from https://doi.org/10.10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100854.

Oh, S. and Han, H. 2020. Facilitating Organisational Learning Activities: Types of Organisational Culture and their Influence on Organisational Learning and Performance. Knowledge Management Research and Practice, 18(1):1-15. DOI:10.1080/14778238.2018.1538668.

Mitsakis, F. 2019. Modify the Redefined: Strategic Human Resource Development Maturity at Crossroads. Human Resource Development Review, 18(4): 470-506.

Problem Statement and Purpose

Corruption is a significant impediment to socioeconomic development, persistently hindering the progress of societies. Despite extensive mechanisms and strategies efforts to combat corruption in Zimbabwe, it remains widespread. While literature highlights the central role of media in the fight against corruption, there is a noticeable lack of literature on this topic in the Zimbabwean context. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the role of media, particularly newspapers, in the fight against corruption in Zimbabwe. It investigates newspaper coverage of corruption, the prominence attributed to such coverage, factors and challenges affecting media reporting on corruption and potential solutions to these challenges.

Methodology

Concurrent mixed methods approach, wherein the qualitative aspect of the study entails conducting in-depth interviews with a purposively selected sample of media and anti-corruption experts, civil society, editors, and journalists from both public and private newspaper outlets. In addition, a quantitative content analysis on corruption coverage of four selected newspapers will be employed from April 2022 to March 2024.

Findings

Still work in progress

Proposals

N/A

References

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Berti, C., Bratu, R. & Wickberg, S. 2020. Corruption and the media. In A Research Agenda for Studies of Corruption. Edward Elgar Publishing. 107–117. DOI: 10.4337.

Bryman, A. 2016. Social Research Methods. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Creswell, J.W. & Creswell, J.D. 2017. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.

Creswell, J.W. & Guetterman, T.C. 2019. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. 6th ed. Pearson Education.

Giddens, A. 1984. The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. Univ of California Press.

Guetterman, T. & Babchuk, W. 2019. Contemporary approaches to mixed methods–grounded theory research: A field-based analysis. Journal of Mixed Methods Research. 13(2):179–195.

Gunter, B. 2013 The quantitative research process. In A handbook of media and communication research. Routledge. 251–278.

Mathe, L. 2020. Rethinking ethical journalism in the worsening socio-economic and political crisis in Zimbabwe. Communicatio. 46(2):20–43.

Maxwell, J.A. 2008. Designing a qualitative study. V. 2. California: The SAGE handbook of applied social research methods.

Munoriyarwa, A. & Chibuwe, A. 2021. Journalism beyond the Coup: Emerging Forms of Digital Journalism Practices in Post-Coup Zimbabwe. Digital Journalism. 1–21.

Mututwa, W.T. & Ufuoma, A. 2022. Critical Journalism and Media Convergence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Representation of Corruption in Zimbabwean Online News. In Health Crises and Media Discourses in Sub-Saharan Africa. Springer. 75–93.

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Zinyama, T. 2021. Systemic Corruption in Zimbabwe: Is the Human Factor the Missing Link? African Journal of Public Affairs. 12(1):132–152.

Problem Statement and Purpose

The National Treasury introduced the Infrastructure Delivery Management System(IDMS) in 2004 as the best practice for infrastructure delivery in South Africa to be implemented by organs of state. This was meant to reduce challenges of cost overruns, poor quality and rollovers in budget allocation for infrastructure projects. Despite the introduction of the IDMS and the revisions thereof, Infrastructure Management Units(IMUs) in sector departments still face challenges when implementing infrastructure projects. One of the challenges is the poor usage of the IDMS and capacity. The recent version of the IDMS requires departments to conduct maturity assessment to determine their ability to implement projects, however this is not implemented by these departments. This study aims to examine the project management maturity of Gauteng Departments of Education, Human Settlements and Social Development to implement the IDMS in delivering their projects. It also seeks to explore contingencies in the departments that affect the effective implementation of the IDMS.

Methodology

The research study adopts a mixed-method approach, The research design that will be adopted for this study is the sequential explanatory design. The quantitative approach will be the dominant and first phase of the study and will be followed by the qualitative phase. The core objective and research question of examining the maturity levels are of quantitative nature and will require quantitative data collection and analysis. This will be the first phase. The second phase will consist of qualitative data collection and analysis, which will be used to acquire in-depth understanding of the maturity assessment, the context and subjective experiences within the infrastructure units where the assessments are conducted and the impact of contingency variables on the performance of the units in order to recommend an improved guideline for the implementation of the IDMS which incorporates maturity assessments across all infrastructure delivery processes.

Findings

This is a PhD Proposal , therefore no findings yet.

Proposals

This is a PhD Proposal , therefore no proposals yet.

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Problem Statement and Purpose

In South Africa, while the role of policymaking has been largely influenced by the National Development Plan (NDP), which has served as the basis for promoting development. There is an urgent need to create sufficient awareness to improve policymaking for sustainable development, especially at the local level. It is acknowledged that achieving policy coherence is a challenge in many sub-Saharan African countries. In South Africa, policy coherence goals are regarded mostly rhetoric given the limited progress in achieving them because of policymaking that is uneven, resulting in inconsistent policy performance across the three spheres of government, thus negatively affecting policy outcomes. Despite the existing integrated development planning (IDPs) locally, this has been widely criticised as being fragmented, mainly characterised by a lack of coordinated and coherent action within cities, leaving policy makers unable to steer effective policy making. Similar challenges have been particularly observed in informal settlements in metropolitan areas in the Western Cape, Gauteng, and KwaZulu-Natal.

Methodology

In this research study a mixed research methods strategy is adopted. Given the exploratory nature of the study, the researcher proposes to employ case study research approach. The study will use different sources to collect secondary and primary data. As the relevant information will need to be sourced from key informants of the study area, purposive sampling technique will be used. The data collected therefore will be recorded and analysed using quantitative and qualitative analysis. In this context, thematic analysis will be used for qualitative analysis and descriptive statistical analysis for quantitative analysis.

Findings

The relevant literature of this undertaken research study reveals that the increase in public protests is regarded as an indicator that government policy coordination has deteriorated, often leads to a lack of appropriate linkages and partnerships in the implementation of municipal policies and programmes.

Proposals

Therefore, this research study seeks to suggest pathway for local governments to consider in improving policy coherence to achieve sustainable development.

References

Cloete, F., De Coning, C., Wissink, H. and Rabie, B. 2018. Improving Public Policy for Good Governance. 4th Edition. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers.

Curran, P., Dougill, A., Pardoe, J. & Vincent, K. 2018. Policy brief Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development in sub-Saharan Afric. Target, 17(1).

Bohler-Muller, N., Davids, Y. D., Roberts, B., Kanyane, B., Struwig, J., Masiya, T. & Nomdo, A. 2016. Service Delivery challenges in South Africa: South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS): Compedium of results.

Problem Statement and Purpose

Small, Micro and Medium Enterprises (SMMEs) are the cornerstone of most nations, both developed and developing. SMMEs in South Africa have been earmarked as a tool of achieving socio-economic goals, employment generation, poverty reduction and innovation as set out in the National Development Plan. However, despite their role, the SMMEs in South Africa perform dismally and as a result, numerous SMMEs unable to contribute as per requirement. Matakenya & Moyo (2021: 454) “the poor performance of SMMEs in South Africa as shown by the high failure rate can be attributed to the entrepreneurial environment which is not conducive to business growth and development”. As a result, in recent years the failure rate for SMMEs in South Africa has reached 80 per cent (Saah, 2019).SMMEs are still also failing to create needed employment for youth in this country. For example, a study by Bushe (2019) highlighted the fact that despite the existence of SMMEs in South Africa, there is high youth unemployment in general and even the skilled and qualified youth is not economical active. Against this backdrop, the study aimed to review major factors that influence the performance of SMMEs in South Africa.

Methodology

The study intended to review the factors that influence the performance of SMMEs in South Africa. For this study, a document analysis was adopted, underpinned by constructivist worldview. Various secondary sources were used to review major factors influencing Small Medium Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in the manufacturing sector in South Africa. The focus of this literature review was on the sources published between the year 2000 and 2022. Initially, 250 sources were found, 165 were excluded and resulted in the inclusion of 85 sources in the analysis. Theoretically, literature review have a protocol for the inclusion and exclusion of sources to answer the research question (Abou-Moghli & Al-Abdallah, 2019). More so, this study was desktop research, underpinned by interpretivist research paradigm.

Findings

The findings in the study indicated the lack of access to financial credit, cumbersome and costly bureaucratic procedures, lack of managerial capacity, lack of skilled employees, inadequate marketing skills, crime and corruption, onerous legal framework, stiff competition, inadequate government support, technological barriers and globalization are main factors affecting the growth of South African SMMEs.

Proposals

Government need to address the factors affecting the performance of SMMEs and provide financial and non-financial support to enable emerging small businesses to survive. The South African government should strive to create a business-friendly environment and comprehensive policies that empower SMMEs. Moreover, the government should improve SMMEs access to financing by implementing the reforms of the banking system. Therefore, the study recommends that government and other parties should create an enabling environment for the growth of SMMEs in South Africa.

References

ABOU-MOGHLI, A. A. & AL-ABDALLAH, G. M. 2019. A systematic review of women entrepreneurs opportunities and challenges in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22, 1-14.

BUSHE, B. 2019. The causes and impact of business failure among small to micro and medium enterprises in South Africa. Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review, 7, 1-26.

MATEKENYA, W. & MOYO, C. 2022. Innovation as a driver of SMME performance in South Africa: a quantile regression approach. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 13, 452-467.

SAAH, P. 2019. A framework to enhance the sustainability of Small and Medium Size

Enterprises in selected municipalities of the North-West province of South Africa.

Potchefstroom: North-West University. (PhD – thesis).

Problem Statement and Purpose

This study assessed how the National Framework for Municipal Indigent Policies (NFMIP) has effectively been a benchmark for developing municipal indigent policies in different municipal categories in the Eastern Cape. Despite the existence of the NFMIP’s intention to guide municipalities in developing effective indigent policies, there remains a significant gap between the NFMIP’s intention and how it is being implemented in different municipal categories. This study contextualised the NFMIP and examined the challenges experienced by municipalities in designing and implementing indigent policies based on the NFMIP. In addition, it determined the key variations in adopting the NFMIP across different municipal categories. The study employed a qualitative approach; it used a multiple case study design where Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Amathole District Municipality and Ngqushwa Local Municipality were used as cases. Through the 5E policy analysis approach lenses, the study deduced that the NFMIP has failed as a benchmark to ensure that municipalities design and implement effective indigent policies to reduce poverty and inequality. This failure is attributed to the NFMIP's failure to meet the criteria of the 5Es. This study proposed an alternative framework for municipal indigent policies underpinned by the right-to-the-city theory. The epistemological position of the alternative framework for municipal indigent policy is vital in shaping our understanding and analysis of public policies. This alternative framework provides a methodological guide and normative orientation, which enable scholars, policymakers, and policy analysts to interrogate core assumptions and contribute to the evolution of public management theory and practice.

Methodology

This study used a qualitative research approach and a multiple case study design. The population for the study consisted of all the employees working for the selected municipalities; the study employed a probability sampling technique and purposive sampling method, and the sample size for the study was 30 participants, including SMS members, elected officials, and general employees. Data was collected using both primary and secondary data; primary data was derived from in-depth interviews. The data was analysed using thematic analysis, and the research followed the six steps identified by Braun and Clarke. To ensure the trustworthiness of the study, the researcher used sources from peer-reviewed journal articles and audited municipal documents, the researcher kept a recording book to diarise the steps, actions and decisions taken during the data collection phase, and the researcher received feedback from other researchers aligning the research objectives and the themes that emerged from the data. The research complied with various research ethical principles that include seeking permission, avoidance of harm, informed consent, debriefing, voluntary participation, confidentiality and avoidance of bias and plagarism.

Findings

This study revealed that stringent documentation and verification processes, failure to stipulate how to deal with child-headed households, provision of insufficient services, failure to recognise the needs of rural indigents, lack of clarity of infrastructure development, political squabbles, lack of funding, obsolete infrastructure and lack of administrative capacity are challenges faced by municipalities when designing and implementing indigent policies using the NFMIP as a benchmark. In addition there are various factors that contributes to the variations in the designing of indigent policies and these include the location of the municpality, the type of municpality and municipal historical and social Context

Proposals

This study has proposed an alternative framework based on the Right to the City theory. The study has developed a framework aimed at addressing the challenges and variations identified in the findings section.

References

Hossain, A. T., Hossain, T., & Kryzanowski, L. (2021). Political corruption and corporate payouts. Journal of Banking & Finance, 123, 106016.

Maduku, H., & Osehi, A. (2018). Understanding political will and public corruption in South Africa. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 9(3), 6-14.

Pillay U (2010) Exit strategy for indigents, City of Tshwane. Available at: www.hsrc.ac.za/en/researchoutputs/ktree-doc/4472.

People’s Assembly. 2023. Closing the Gap: The Municipal Indigent Register. https://www.pa.org.za/blog/closing-gap-municipality-indigent-register. Accessed on 12 March 2023.

Problem Statement and Purpose

Significant issues have arisen as a result of South Africa's decentralisation of public procurement, and these challenges are characterised by differences on how government organisations interpret, execute, and enforce procurement policies, processes, and systems. Originally intended to promote local autonomy and democratic governance, the decentralisation has resulted in the creation of unique forms, standards, and procurement processes among various institutions. Notwithstanding the National Treasury guidelines to promote standardisation in public procurement. Departments and municipalities are allowed to formulate their own SCM policies, affording them a great deal of discretion in determining how they will obtain the public works, goods, and services necessary to fulfil their mandate . The consequences of permitting public entities to formulate individualised SCM policies employ disparate procurement systems have manifested in AG reports indicating varying performance levels. Some entities have demonstrated poor performance, while others have exhibited good performance when compared to their counterparts. AGSA MFMA indicates that the issue of non-performance persists and this calls for a cultural change in government systems.

Methodology

The policies, processes, and systems pertaining to public procurement in the South African public sector will be examined using the exploratory technique in this study. This paper will employ a qualitative research approach to conduct the research investigation.

Qualitative data will be collected through the use of primary and secondary data. For primary data, the study will conduct focus group discussion and semi-structured interview. For secondary data, books, journals, published electronic sources, e-jounals and government records will be used

Findings

There are no findings for this study yet as the study is still busy with research.

Proposals

PDF proposal will be attached.

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Problem Statement and Purpose

Despite South Africa's efforts to foster economic transformation through public procurement in the past three decades, small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in the construction sector face significant obstacles hindering their contribution to economic growth and job creation. With a high rate of failure within 2-3 years of operation, there's an urgent need for a targeted procurement framework to sustain and grow SMMEs in the construction sector.

This study aims to address the inability of the South African government to develop a direct, targeted strategic procurement framework to support the sustainability of SMMEs in the construction sector despite increased budget allocations in the last ten years for infrastructure development.

Methodology

Employing an exploratory sequential mixed-methods research approach, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with government officials and surveyed SMME owners in the construction sector in KwaZulu Natal. The government departments under study served as a case study, with a quantitative survey of construction SMMEs utilising stratified random sampling techniques serving as the empirical research.

Findings

The study reveals that SMME failures are often linked to a lack of access to modern ICT tools, unclear project planning, and inadequate contractor development participation goals. Recommendations include enhancing contractor evaluation criteria, providing support for strategy development, and improving financial management skills among SMME owners.

Proposals

To address these findings, the government should allocate sufficient financial and human resources for contractor development projects and collaborate with universities to incorporate built-environment students into public service. Outsourcing service providers with expertise in contractor development and hiring skilled employees to implement development programs are also recommended.

References

Bhorat, H., Asmal, Z., Lilenstein, K., and Van Der Zee, K. 2018. SMMES in South Africa: Understanding the Constraints on Growth and Performance. DPRU Working Paper 201802. Development Policy Research Unit, University of Cape Town.

Brunette, R., Klaaren, J. and Nqaba, P. 2019. Reform in the contract state: Embedded directions in public procurement regulation in South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 36(4), pp.537-554.

Quinot, G. 2020. Reforming procurement law in South Africa. African Public Procurement Law Journal, 7(1), pp.1-15.

Problem Statement and Purpose

The public policy process involves various stakeholders who collaborate with the government to identify policy issues and design solutions. The government's response to these issues can take several forms, including policy coproduction, co-opting, compliance, or conflict with policy stakeholders.

Methodology

The case study method was selected to answer the research questions in the proposed study, as it allows the researcher to focus on the individuals involved in the agenda setting stage of the public policy process.

Findings

N/A

Proposals

The study aims to contribute to knowledge in how and when the government involves policy stakeholders in the policy process. It will also create a framework that will help predict the way governments will react to certain policy issues and the participation of policy stakeholders.

References

Cepiku, D., Marsilio, M., Sicilia, M. and Vainieri, M., 2020. The co-production of public services. Springer Books.

Einfeld, C. and Blomkamp, E., 2022. Nudge and co-design: complementary or contradictory approaches to policy innovation?. Policy Studies, 43(5), pp.901-919.

Wellstead, A. and Howlett, M., 2024. Public value and procedural policy instrument specifications in “design for service”. Policy Design and Practice, pp.1-14.

Wheildon, L.J., Flynn, A., True, J. and Wild, A., 2023. Gender-based violence policy reform: assessing the risks and public value of co-production with survivors. Journal of Gender-Based Violence, 1(aop), pp.1-17.

Problem Statement and Purpose

In South Africa, water distribution is a function of local governments; however, many municipalities struggle to fulfil this function due to improper management of potable water infrastructure. According to scholars like Ruiters and Malatji (2016:29), Wall (2010:42), Aiyetan and Das (2021), and Dithebe et al. (2019), municipalities in South Africa face potable water infrastructure management challenges, skills shortages, insufficient resources and cost overruns, dilapidated infrastructure, non-renewal and non-maintenance of infrastructure, poor planning, etc. Municipalities in the Free State province, including the Manguang Metropolitan and Maluti-a-Phofung local municipalities, which are the case studies for this study, are faced with these challenges. Thus, in order to guarantee the availability of water in communities, this study argues the necessity of managing potable water infrastructure assets adequately. The study will investigate how asset management systems and practices are applied in selected municipalities in the Free State province. Based on the findings, the study will propose a potable water infrastructure asset management model to improve access.

Methodology

The study will use a qualitative research approach because the nature of the study is explorative and evaluative. Additionally, a case study research design method will be employed. Purposive sampling, which is a type of non-probability sampling method, is used in this study because the researcher seeks to intentionally select people to deepen their comprehension of the phenomenon under investigation. The sampling design will be used to sample the community members/ward councilors and the provincial and municipal officials responsible for managing and implementing potable water infrastructure asset management in the Mangaung Metropolitan and the Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipalities.

Moreover, the study will use semi-structured interviews as a data collection strategy. This is because there are specific questions that the participants need to respond to to answer the research questions and address the study's objectives. The study will also collect secondary data such as books, published statistical data, published articles, databases, regulatory frameworks, etc. Lastly, the data analysis strategy employed in this study is thematic analysis. The study will evaluate code frequencies, determine code co-occurrence, and visually represent the connections between codes within the data set. ATLIS.ti will be used as a data analysis tool.

Findings

N/A

Proposals

N/A

References

Aiyetan, A.O. & Das, D. K. 2021. Evaluation of the Factors and Strategies for Water Infrastructure Project Delivery in South Africa. Infrastructures, 6(65): 2-19.

Dithebe, K., Aigbavboa, C.O., Thwala, W.D., & Oke, A.E. 2019. Analysis of the perceived occurrence of challenges delaying the delivery of water infrastructure assets in South Africa. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(1):1-19.

Ruiters, C., & Matji, M. 2016. Public-private partnership conceptual framework and models for the funding and financing of water services infrastructure in municipalities from selected provinces in South Africa

Wall, K. 2010. Water Infrastructure for human and economic development, in A CSIR Perspective on water in South Africa. Pages 41-45.

Problem Statement and Purpose

Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is a new issue that central banks around the world are interested in exploring and researching. While some foreign central banks, such as the Central Bank of China and the Central Bank of the Bahamas has launched their central bank digital currency by using the collaborative concept for designing of central bank digital currency as the country's infrastructure. This research collects central bank digital currency design concepts from articles and various research, included studying from case studies of the central banks related to collaboration among the government, private sector, and civil society in designing central bank digital currency.

The objectives of this research aimed to 1) factors that influence public acceptance of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) in Thailand 2) study the collaborative concept and the role of governments in supporting CBDC and 3) develop policy suggestions for CBDC in an appropriate context for Thailand.

Methodology

A mixed method is based on qualitative research, which focuses on generating holistic understanding of the study, and quantitative research to confirm a certain hypothesis or theory. This mixed method consists of 1) in-dept interviews with purposive sampling in the form of “how” and “why” questions, and 2) using hypothesis testing by statistical assumptions about the role of the government and institutions in supporting innovation adoption in Thailand. By applying concept of collaboration, and new public governance in designing Thailand's central bank digital currency to maximize benefit for Thailand.

Findings

The author studies the concept of collaboration among various sectors in designing and developing digital currencies, which is used as guidelines for the developing the concept of collaboration among the government, private sector, and civil society in designing digital currency in Thailand. Additionally, the concept of new public management and public participation will be applied in designing Thailand's central bank digital currency to maximize benefit for Thailand.

Proposals

This research collects central bank digital currency design concepts from articles and various research, included studying from case studies of the central banks related to collaboration among the government, private sector, and civil society in designing central bank digital currency.

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Lannquist, A., & Tan, B. (2023). Central Bank Digital Currency's Role in Promoting Financial Inclusion. FinTech Notes, 2023(011). Retrieved December 24, 2023, from https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/063/2023/011/article-A001-en.xml

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Problem Statement and Purpose

Micro-enterprises are especially vulnerable to climate change-induced disasters in urban areas, including floods. Despite growing policy and scholarly recognition of their challenges, studies are scarce that identify practical, context-specific adaptation strategies for these businesses (UNEP, 2013; ADB, 2017). While some research acknowledges micro-enterprises vulnerabilities to floods, there is a limited in-depth analysis of effective measures they can implement to enhance their resilience (Saengnakhon, 2016; Seneviratne, 2010). The consequences of this limited literature are significant for both micro-enterprises and the broader economy. Micro-enterprises are crucial in local economies, providing employment opportunities and contributing to economic growth (IFC, 2018). However, their vulnerability to flood-related destructions can lead to economic losses, business interruptions, and even closures, impacting the livelihoods of entrepreneurs and their employees (UNIDO, 2019; Kamal, 2018; Khan, 2013). The lack of adequate adaptation strategies may disturb micro-enterprises potential to thrive and contribute to urban economic development.

Methodology

The eThekwini Municipality will be used as a case study because of their recent experience with urban flooding. A qualitative research approach will be employed. The purposive and snowballing sampling approach will be used because of the diversity among micro-enterprises and the need to capture various experiences. Semi-structured interviews, vulnerability assessment, and participatory mapping will be conducted with 60 micro-enterprises and 20 key stakeholders. In addition, four focus group discussions and a workshop will be organised with micro-enterprises and key sector stakeholders.

Findings

This study will contribute by helping understand vulnerabilities of ME’s and what contributes to those vulnerabilities in eThekwini, Compare Vulnerabilities of ME’s based on their geographical locations in Ethekwini, Identify adaptation and resilience strategies of Micro-enterprises, Assess the effectiveness of those strategies, Examine the role of political-economic structures, provide an understanding of the relationship between ME’s and other socio- political-economic structures, Make recommendations for policy support systems.

Proposals

The study is in progress. Data collection is to take place after the conference.

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