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Session Overview |
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Measuring Gender Inequality in Africa: Country Experiences and Actions
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Measuring gender inequality in Africa: Country Experiences and actions While information on gender gaps between women and men in a range of domains exists worldwide, there have been relatively few attempts to synthesize these gaps in a way that both reflect the unique and specific experience of Africa and which generate policy implications designed to promote women's empowerment. One such attempt has been the African Gender and Development Index (AGDI), which was introduced in 2004 by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA). The AGDI is a self-reporting tool that measures both gaps between key indicators in the status of African women and men as well as progress that has been made in implementing policies to reduce those gender gaps. As such, the AGDI acts as a gender equality accountability tool through which countries can evaluate the implementation and impact of their policies, programmes and projects designed to meet their global and regional gender equality commitments. Since its inception, the AGDI has undergone several methodological improvements in order to align it with the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 and Agenda 2063. So far, the AGDI has been used in 40 countries in Africa. However, while some countries have taken action to offset shortcomings identified through the use of the AGDI, there has been limited use of it in the broader national planning process or in country reporting on progress toward meeting regional and global commitments. As such, the AGDI remains an underutilized tool. The panel will explore in detail the links between use of the AGDI as a tool to measure gender inequality, the actions taken by countries on the basis of the AGDI to improve their gender policies, and the results of those actions. The panel will consist of a number of country experiences, including both countries that have implemented the AGDI and those that are currently introducing the use of AGDI. In so doing, the panel will provide first hand experiences and audience commentary that allow the ECA to review lessons from the application of the AGDI that could be used to both improve its methodology and improve understanding of the policy implications that emerge from the AGDI at the country level. Consequently, the effectiveness of the AGDI will be improved. Gender, ethnicity, place, and poverty: intersectional inequality in educational outcomes in Ethiopia SALDRU, South Africa In this paper, we examine the intersectionality of gender, ethnicity, location, and poverty in influencing educational outcomes in Ethiopia using a combination of household surveys and census data. According to the results of our regression analysis, gender, ethnicity, poverty, and location, all play a role in determining educational outcomes in Ethiopia. Women have lower education outcomes than men across all ethnic groups studied, with poor women from rural areas and certain ethnic groups having the lowest average years of schooling. These findings suggest that poor women from rural areas and minority ethnic groups face a cumulative disadvantage. Despite recent progress in reducing group-based inequalities, significant disparities in educational outcomes continue to be a challenge in Ethiopia. Occupational Gender Segregation and its Determinants: An Empirical Analysis of the Ghanaian Labour Market University of Ghana, Ghana Discrimination in the labour market occurs in the forms of occupational and wage/earnings discrimination. Occupational discrimination manifest in the form of sex segregation if a discriminated group (in this case, women) is confined to lower paying occupations or levels of responsibility without regard to their training and productive characteristics. Essentially, these two forms of discrimination are related such that, the perpetuation of one sustains the existence of the other. Gender segregation in occupations is the result of differences in participation of male and female in different occupations that may arise due to reasons such as education, age, experience, skills, geographical location and work environment among other factors. Indeed, occupational segregation and the concentration of women in low-paying jobs have been identified to constitute a major source of earnings differential in favour of men. This study uses the 2017 Ghana Living Standards Survey to examine the incidence of gender segregation in the Ghanaian labour market. Unlike previous studies on segregation in Ghana, this study goes a step further to investigate and identify the determinants of segregation for evidence-based policy recommendations. Specifically, the study seeks to investigate the incidence of gender segregation in the Ghanaian labour market, identify the determinants of gender segregation and explore the implications of sex segregation for the future world of work. | ||
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