Konferenzprogramm

Sitzung
Posterwalk: Grundlagenforschung
Zeit:
Freitag, 14.03.2025:
11:15 - 12:15

Vorsitz: Prof. Dr. Markus Weckmann, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein
Ort: Seminarraum Turm: T1006

30 TN

Präsentationen
SR: T1006: 1

Ureaplasma-induced impairment of alveolar epithelial Na+ transport and its underlying mechanism.

Mandy Laube1, Elisabeth Paluszkiewicz1, Carl-Bernd Rieger1, Ulrich Thome1,2, Kirsten Glaser1,2

1Universität Leipzig, Pädiatrisches Forschungszentrum, Abteilung Neonatologie, Leipzig, Deutschland; 22Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Abteilung Neonatologie, Zentrum für Frauen und Kindermedizin, Leipzig, Deutschland

Ureaplasma infection has been associated with adverse pulmonary short- and long-term outcome in preterm infants. Knowledge of underlying mechanisms is scarce. Epithelial Na+ transport is crucially involved in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) at birth. Whether Ureaplasma colonisation of immature lungs impairs AFC is yet unknown. We aimed to determine pathomechanisms of Ureaplasma-driven lung morbidity. Rat fetal distal lung epithelial (FDLE) cells were incubated either with viable Ureaplasma for 24 h or NH3 versus HCO3, followed by analyses of Na+ transport in Ussing chambers and Western blots. The urease inhibitor flurofamide was used to prevent bacterial NH3 production. Ureaplasma strongly reduced Na+ transport in FDLE cells – due to inhibition of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). Ureaplasma infection also raised pH levels above 8.0 within 24 h. Exposure of FDLE cells to NH3 at pH 8.0 strongly reduced Na+ transport and ENaC activity, while HCO3-driven pH shift lacked this effect. Moreover, phosphorylation of ERK, a signalling molecule diminishing ENaC activity, was increased by Ureaplasma. This finding was reproduced by NH3 incubation, but not by NaOH at pH 8.0. Flurofamide restored the Ureaplasma-induced reduction of Na+ transport, further supporting a contributing role of NH3 production to the impaired ENaC activity. Notably, flurofamide also prevented ERK phosphorylation induced by Ureaplasma. Reduction of Na+ transport reveals a potential mechanism of Ureaplasma-driven lung disease in preterm infants. We identified NH3 as an Ureaplasma-driven agent responsible for the inhibition of Na+ transport, and flurofamide as a counteragent preventing NH3 production by urease inhibition.



SR: T1006: 2

COVID-19 infection in pregnancy epigenetically affects cells of offspring via transcriptional responses of Sp1-related genes

Nils Dittmar1,2, Karsoham Diren Reddy1,2,3, Antonia Bohnhorst1,2,3, Shauni Belana Biedermann1,2,3, Petra Arck4,5, Anke Diemert4, Ann-Christin Tallarek4, Markus Weckmann1,2,3

1Division of Paediatric Pneumology & Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany; 2Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; 3Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases: Epigentic of chronic respiratory diseases, Leibniz Lung Research Center Borstel; 4Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; 5Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Background:

Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) is a state of maternal stress and inflammation during pregnancy that has been associated with genome-wide DNA-methylation (DNAme) changes in offspring. MIA can be caused by environmental exposures such as viral infections. In utero DNAme alterations have been demonstrated to influence the development of lung diseases later in life. Dysfunction of the fetal airway epithelium has been identified as a potential origin of lung diseases. However, the impact of MIA-induced DNAme changes on the function of the airway epithelium remains poorly studied.

Objective:

We aim to explore the relationship between MIA and DNAme in affected offspring with potential consequences for the airway epithelium.

Methods:

DNA isolated from umbilical cord blood mononucleated cells from mothers with or without COVID-19 infection during pregnancy (n = 6 each, balanced for male and female children) from the PRINCE cohort was analysed using Illumina EPIC 2.0 DNA methylation arrays. Differential methylation analysis using the R software package limma produced CpGs that were mapped against single-cell sequencing data from fetal human lungs (Cao et al. 2023). Corresponding gene expression was clustered for cell type using JMP Pro 17 and a network-analysis was performed for each cluster using Cytoscape 3.10.2 string-database.

Results:

DNAme analysis revealed n = 88.615 differentially methylated CpGs (FDR < 0,05) in cord blood mononucleated cells. Cytoscape string-db analysis of COVID-19-associated differentially altered CpGs matched to human fetal lung single-cell sequencing data revealed enrichment for the GO terms of protein binding (p = 6,51*10-11, p = 8,68*10-12) and the transcription factor (TF) Sp1 (p = 2,49*10-8, p = 4,13*10-10) in both, ciliated epithelium and squamous cell epithelium. In contrast, the cluster for lower respiratory tract cells showed enrichment for the GO terms of TF HA95 (p = 7.30 x10-6) and ZNF670 (p = 6.51 x10-11).

Discussion:

COVID-19-infection in pregnancy significantly alters DNAme in cord blood mononucleated cells. These alterations project onto genes in fetal human lung epithelium associated with TF Sp1 and modify protein binding in ciliated epithelium and squamous cell epithelium, but not in lower respiratory tract cells. This may suggest an epigenetically dysregulated function of epithelium and respiratory mucosa. However, further studies are needed to identify the direct effects of altered Sp1-functionality on the airway epithelium.



SR: T1006: 3

Establishing an in vitro model to study bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension and fibroblast plasticity

Manuela Marega1,2, Valerie Orth1, Leila Sotoodeh1,2, Saverio Bellusci2, Cho-Ming Chao1,2,3

1Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal; 2Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen; 3St. Vincenz Kliniken, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Paderborn

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease frequently associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH), yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Current models for studying BPD-PH are limited, often relying on in vivo systems that pose ethical concerns and fail to fully recapitulate human cellular dynamics. To address this gap, we are developing an in vitro model combining human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), endothelial cells (HUVECs), and fibroblasts (WI-38) to investigate the interplay between vascular dysfunction and fibroblast plasticity under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions.

Our model induces PH phenotypes in PASMCs using TGF-β1 as a trigger and mimics the hyperoxic environment characteristic of BPD. Preliminary findings show that TGF-β1 treatment induces the smooth muscle differentiation marker ACTA2 expression, which is further modulated by hyperoxia. In endothelial cells, hyperoxia impairs tube formation, reflecting vascular remodeling in BPD-PH. Tube formation involving both cell types (PASMCs and HUVECs) leads to significant changes in the structure of the tubes. The addition of FGF10, as a regenerative agent, demonstrates potential protective effects, with initial data indicating improved endothelial tube formation and reduced PASMC proliferation and reduced expression of ACTA2 under TGF-β1 and hyperoxia.

To further enhance the model’s complexity, we are exploring the use of WI-38 fibroblasts as a model for lipofibroblast (LIF) and myofibroblast (MYF) differentiation in comparing normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. The mesenchymal compartment, particularly lipofibroblasts, is a critical aspect of alveolar development and fibrosis in BPD and possibly in PH, potentially acting as a source of FGF10. This approach highlights the dynamic interplay between the vascular-mesenchymal and vascular compartments in the pathophysiology of BPD-PH. Using conditioned medium from LIF and MYF cultures, we further explore its impact on endothelial cells during tube formation.

Our in vitro system represents a 3R-compliant alternative to animal models, providing a human-relevant platform to study BPD-PH pathogenesis and test therapeutic interventions. These findings indicated the potential of FGF10 in mitigating vascular dysfunction, warranting further investigation into its pro-regenerative properties.



SR: T1006: 4

Genetic Deletion of Muc5b Reduces Interstitial Lung Disease in Neonatal Nedd4-2 Deficient Mice

Nathalie Smyczek1,2, Julie C. Meyer auf der Heyde1,2, Dominik H.W. Leitz1,2, Laura Schaupp1,2, Aditi Löwe1,2, Maria Daniltchenko1,2, Alicia González1,2, Christopher M. Evans3, Marcus A. Mall1,2,4, Julia Duerr1,2

1Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; 2German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany; 3Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; 4Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

MUC5B has been implicated as a major risk factor for the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, insights into its role in the in vivo pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) remain limited. We previously developed a mouse model for early onset ILD caused by congenital deletion of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 (Nedd4-2-/-). In this study, we introduced a lung-specific knockout of Muc5b (Muc5b-/-) in these mice (Nedd4-2-/-/Muc5b-/-) to investigate the in vivo role of Muc5b in the pathogenesis of early onset ILD.

We compared the pulmonary phenotype of neonatal Nedd42/- mice to Muc5b-/-, Nedd4-2-/-/Muc5b-/- and control mice during the first month of life. We assessed survival, oxygen saturation and lung mechanics. Furthermore, we evaluated inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung histology. Muc5b expression was investigated in BAL by western blots. Finally, we applied Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) for multiplexed spatial protein expression analysis on a single cell level.

We found that neonatal Nedd4-2-/-/Muc5b-/- showed a reduced mortality (p < 0.001) and improved pulmonary function compared to Nedd4-2-/- mice. Western blots revealed reduced Muc5b intensities in BAL of Nedd4-2-/-/Muc5b-/- versus Nedd4-2-/- mice (p = 0.0012). Further, Muc5b deletion prevented airway mucus obstruction in Nedd4-2-/- mice which was accompanied by reduced concentrations of the inflammatory markers KC, IL-1β, IL-13, TNF-α and MIP-2 in the BAL of Nedd4-2-/-/Muc5b-/- mice. Lastly, IMC analysis revealed normalized Muc5b expression in airway epithelial cells, a reduction in inflammatory cells within the lung parenchyma, and lower mesenchymal marker expression.

Taken together genetic deletion of Muc5b mitigates the severity of early onset ILD by preventing mucus obstruction in airways of neonatal Nedd4-2-/- mice. These data highlight the central role of Muc5b in the pathogenesis of ILD and its potential as therapeutic target in patients.



SR: T1006: 5

Perinatal inflammation is associated with vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension via IL-6 trans-signaling in two independent murine models

Tobias Trojan1,2, Christoph Bartz1, Jaco Selle1, Dharmesh Hirani1,3, Baktybek Kojonazarov3,4, Stefan Hadzic4, Christina Vohlen1, Centina Kuiper-Makris1, Clemens Nies1, Virta Wagde1, Samantha Krug1, Silke van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel2, Werner Seeger3,4,5, Jörg Dötsch2, Soni Pullamsetti3,4,5, Miguel Alejandre Alcazar1,2,3

1University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging-associated Dieases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Köln, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany; 2University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Cologne and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; 3Institute for Lung Health (ILH) and Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Hesse, Germany; 4Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; 5Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany

Rationale: Perinatal insults lead to pathological lung and vascular development and present as risk factors for pulmonary hypertension (PH). Our previous studies show that different injuries, e.g. high oxygen concentrations, malnutrition and perinatal obesity, induce a low-grade perinatal inflammation with high IL-6 and disrupt lung structural maturation. We now tested whether inhibition of IL-6 trans- and cis-signaling protects from vascular remodeling and PH in two models of perinatal inflammation.

Methods: Our two neonatal mouse models to conduct this study were (i) a hyperoxia-(85% O2, HYX) based bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) model and (ii)a high-fat diet-induced maternal and perinatal obesity (HFD) model. In both models, we tested pharmacological inhibition of IL-6 cis- and trans-signaling using anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody or soluble gp130Fc, respectively. In our (i) HYX-model, we also tested IL-6 null mice in hyperoxia compared to wildtype mice (WT). Histomorphometric and immunofluorescent (IF) analysis was performed on lung tissue in both models, investigating vascular muscularization and proliferation. Measurement of IL-6 expression and macrophage count in the lung was performed in our HYX model. In our (ii) HFD-model, cardiac output, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and right ventricular stroke volume was measured in vivo by echocardiography at postnatal day (P)70. In addition, we performed histomorphometric analysis of white adipose tissue (WAT), assessed average adipocyte surface area and measured mRNA expression of cytokines in WAT.

Results: (i) In our hyperoxia-based model of BPD, alveolar formation was preserved and microvasculature was protected from remodeling and muscularization inIL-6 null mice and after blockade of IL-6-trans-signaling. (ii) In our perinatal obesity model, the same preservation of microvascular structure after inhibition of IL-6 signaling was observed. These findings were linked to reduced STAT3 activity, prevention of cytoplasmatic sequestration of FoxO1, and ultimately decreased proliferation of lung vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) in both models. Assessment of right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and cardiac function by echocardiography or hemodynamic measurements showed preserved RV function after inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling in mice exposed to perinatal obesity.

Conclusions: In two independent models of perinatal inflammation, our data demonstrate that IL-6 is central in lung SMC proliferation and is associated with vascular remodeling with characteristics of PH early in life. Pharmacological inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling could offer a novel therapeutic strategy for prevention of early origins of PH.



SR: T1006: 6

Vermehrte Hustenepisoden und atopische Dermatitis im ersten Lebensjahr sind mit veränderten Konzentrationen von kurzkettigen Fettsäuren (SCFA) im Stuhl an Tag 90 assoziiert

Wiebke Hagedorn1, Saviya Jacobsen1, Katarzyna A. Duda2,3, Markus Weckmann1,2,4, Folke Brinkmann1,2, Matthias V. Kopp2,5, Isabell Ricklefs1,2

1Department of Paediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany 2 Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany; 2Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany; 3Research Group of biofunctional metabolites and structures Priority Area: Chronic Lung Diseases Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center; 4Division of Epigenetics in Chronic Lung Disease, Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Leibniz Lung Center, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; 5Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Inselspital, University Children's Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Einleitung: Kurzkettige Fettsäuren (short chain fatty acids; SFCA) im Stuhl sind Metabolite, die bei der Fermentation von Ballaststoffen durch bestimmte Darmbakterien entstehen. SCFA haben anti-inflammatorische Effekte (1). Hohe Konzentrationen von SCFA im Stuhl von einjährigen Kindern sollen eine protektive Wirkung auf die Entwicklung von atopischen Erkrankungen haben (2).

Methoden: In einer Kohorte von n= 88 gesunden, reifen Neugeborenen (n= 46 weiblich; Gestationsalter: 39,2 +/-1,4 Schwangerschaftswochen, Geburtsgewicht: 3489g +/- 531g) wurde Butyrat und Propionat im Stuhl an Tag 90 quantifiziert mittels Gaschromatographie gekoppelt mit Massenspektrometrie (GC/MS). In 2-monatigen Telefoninterviews wurden Daten zur Ernährung und Gesundheitsstatus der Kinder bis zum 12. Lebensmonat erfasst. U.a. wurde nach „Husten“ und einer ärztlich diagnostizierten atopischen Dermatitis gefragt. Unterschiede in der Konzentration der SCFA wurden mittels t-test ermittelt.

Ergebnisse: Kinder, die an Tag 90 gestillt wurden, hatten eine signifikant niedrigere Konzentration an SFCA (n=63; Butyrat: 0,45μg/mg Stuhl; Propionat: 1,46μg/mg Stuhl, p=0,001) verglichen mit Kindern, die mit Formula ernährt wurden (n=25; Butyrat: 1,65μg/mg Stuhl; Propionat: 4,6μg/mg Stuhl, p<0,001). N=73 (83%) Kinder hatten laute Elterninterview mindestens eine Episode mit „Husten“, n=35 (40 %) hatten 3 oder mehr Hustenepisoden im ersten Lebensjahr. Kinder mit >/=3 Hustenepisoden hatten signifikant höhere Konzentrationen von Butyrat (1,11μg/mg Stuhl vs. 0,32μg/mg Stuhl , p=0,048) und Propionat (3,19μg/mg Stuhl vs 1,54μg/mg Stuhl, p= 0,038) an Tag 90. In einer logistischen Regression zeigte sich, dass männliche Säuglinge (OR: 5,2 95%KI: 1,8-15,2, p=0,003) und Kinder mit höheren Butyratkonzentrationen ein höheres Risiko haben, >/=3 Hustenepisoden im ersten Lebensjahr zu haben (OR: 2,2 95%KI 1,2-4, p=0,015). Passivrauchexposition, Geburtsmodus, familiäre Atopie, ältere Geschwister oder Muttermilchernährung im 3. Lebensmonat hatten keinen signifikanten Effekt auf die SCFA-Konzentration im Stuhl. Kinder mit ärztlich diagnostizierter atopischer Dermatitis im Alter von 12 Monaten (n=11; 12,5%) hatten dahingegen erniedrigte Konzentration von Butyrat (0,28 vs 0,83) an Lebenstag 90. Die Konzentration von Propionat unterschied sich nicht in Bezug auf atopische Dermatitis.

Schlussfolgerung: In unserer Population hatten Kinder mit drei oder mehr Hustenepisoden eine signifikant erhöhte Konzentration von Butyrat im Stuhl an Lebenstag 90, wohingegen Kinder mit diagnostizierter atopischer Dermatitis niedrigere Butyratkonzentrationen im Stuhl hatten. Muttermilchernährung hatte in einem logistischen Regressionsmodell keinen Einfluss auf die Anzahl der Hustenepisoden, jedoch hatten gestillte Kinder niedrigere Butyratkonzentrationen an Lebenstag 90.

(1) Mann et al. Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity. Nature Reviews Immunology 2024

(2) Cheng HY et al. Evaluation of Stool Short Chain Fatty Acids Profiles in the First Year of Life With Childhood Atopy-Related Outcomes. Front. Allergy 2022



SR: T1006: 7

Interleukin-13 induziert einen Amilorid-insensitiven Wassertransport in humanen Trachealepithelzellen

Hanna Schmidt1,2, Sebastian FN Bode1, Oliver H Wittekindt2

1Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Deutschland; 2Institut für Allgemeine Physiologie, Universität Ulm

Das Atemwegsepithel bildet eine Barriere gegen aerogene Krankheitserreger und Schadstoffe. Die apikale Oberfläche ist von einem dünnen Flüssigkeitsfilm bedeckt, der als airway surface liquid (ASL) bezeichnet wird. Die exakte Regulation des ASL-Volumens ist essentiell für die regelrechte Funktion des respiratorischen Sytems. Wichtige Mechanismen hierbei sind die Natriumresorption über amiloridsensitive epitheliale Natriumkanäle (ENaC) sowie die CFTR vermittelte Chloridsekretion. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei der chronischen Inflammation allergischer Atemwegserkrankungen. Es wurde gezeigt, dass IL-13 zu einer erhöhten Chloridsekretion im Atemwegsepithel führt. Daher wurde IL-13 als Induktor eines pro-sekretorischen epithelialen Phänotyps beschrieben. Der tatsächliche Zusammenhang zwischen Veränderungen der Ionenkanäle und dem transepithelialen Wassertransports bei chronischer IL-13-Exposition ist jedoch nicht ausreichend verstanden. In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir die Wirkung von IL-13 auf den Ionentransport, die ASL-Regulation und den Wassertransport in humanen Trachealepithelzellen (hTEpC).

hTEpC wurden als air-liquid-interface differenziert, anschließend erfolgte in einem Teil der Epithelien eine IL-13-Exposition für 10 Tage. Ussing-Kammer-Experimente zeigten einen Rückgang des amiloridsensitiven Kurzschlussstroms (ISC) und einen Anstieg des CFTR- und TMEM16A-vermittelten ISC in IL-13-Epithelien. Passend hierzu führte die IL-13-Exposition zu einer Reduktion der mRNA-Level der β- und γ-ENaC-Untereinheiten und einem Anstieg der Expression von CFTR und TMEM16A. ASL-Volumen und Wassertransportraten wurden mittels der Deuteriumoxiddilutionsmethode bestimmt. Das ASL-Volumen war in IL-13-Epithelien mit 0,65(0,80-0,25)μl/0,33cm² niedriger im Vergleich zu 0,98(1,81-0,35)μl/0,33cm² (Median (Range)) in den Kontrollepithelien (p=0,007, Mann-Whitney-Test, n=12). Die kompensatorische Wasserresorption nach ASL-Erhöhung mit isotonischer NaCl-Lösung war in IL-13-Epithelien im Vergleich zu den Kontrollepithelien signifikant erhöht, mit Resorptionsraten von 0,86(1,12-0,81)/(h*0,33cm²) und 0,54(0,72-0,29)μl/(h*0,33cm²) (Median (Range)) (p<0,0001, Mann-Whitney-Test, n=18). Die IL-13 induzierten Veränderungen des ASL-Volumens und der Resorptionsraten wurden durch Blockade der JAK/STAT6 vermittelten IL-13-Signaltransduktion durch dem JAK-Inhibitor Tofacitinib aufgehoben. Die Inhibition des ENaC mit Amilorid verringerte die Resorption um 45% in den Kontrollepithelien, jedoch nur um 11% in IL-13-Epithelien. Die pharmakologische Inhibition von Chlorid- und Calciumkanälen wirkte sich nicht auf die Resorption in IL-13-Epithelien aus. Jedoch führte Gadolinium (Gd3+), das als Inhibitor mechanosensitiver Ionenkanäle bekannt ist, in IL-13-Epithelien zu einer Abnahme der Resportionsrate auf Kontrollniveau. Die Hemmung mechanosensitiver Ionenkanäle mit GsMTx4 wirkte sich nicht auf die Wasserresorption aus. Dies deutet auf einen anderen Gd3+-abhängigen Mechanismus hin, der die Wasserresorption in IL-13-exponierten Epithelien antreibt. Ussing-Kammer-Experimente bestätigten einen erhöhten Gd3+-sensitiven ISC-Anteil in IL-13-Epithelien gegenüber Kontrollepithelien.

Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass IL-13 trotz pro-sekretorischer Ionentransportveränderungen zu einem reduzierten ASL-Volumen und einer erhöhten Wasserresorptionskapazität am Atemwegsepithel führt. Im Gegensatz zu Kontrollepithelien ist die Resorption nur geringfügig amiloridsensitiv, scheint jedoch von einem Gd3+-sensitiven Mechanismus abzuhängen.



SR: T1006: 8

Obesity related IL-6 trans-signaling is linked to BMI in pediatric asthma and associated with premature aging of respiratory epithelial cells in mice and children

Tobias Trojan1,2, Lennart Riemann6,7, Sonja Buchholz3,8, Karosham Diren Reddy3,8,12, Christoph Thomassen1, Samira Blau1, Jaco Selle2, Matthias V. Kopp4, Mustafa Abdo5, Anna-Maria Dittrich6,7, Ruth Grychtol6,7, Folke Brinkmann3,8, Gesine Hansen6,7, Bianca Schaub9,10,11, Erika von Mutius9,10, Ernst Rietschel1, Silke van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel1, Markus Weckmann3,8,12, Christine Happle6,7, Miguel Alejandre Alcazar1,2,13

1University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Köln, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany; 2University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Köln, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany; 3Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Germany; 4University of Bern, Inselspital, Department of Pediatrics, Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 5LungenClinic Grosshansdorf GmbH, Grosshansdorf, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; 6Hannover Medical School, Department of pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany; 7Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany; 8Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; 9Ludwig Maximilians University, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, München, Bavaria, Germany; 10Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), München, Bavaria, Germany; 11German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; 12Division of Epigenetics in Chronic Lung Disease, Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany; 13Institute for Lung Health (ILH) and Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Hesse, Germany

Background: Obesity early in life affects the clinical course of asthma. Maternal obesity is a risk factor for childhood obesity, but the impact on asthma phenotypes is unclear. Our previously reported findings in the All-Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE) study showed a clinical association between (a) maternal BMI and asthma severity in the offspring, (b) high body-mass-index (BMI) and high bodyfat-fraction (BFF) in early life and a worse symptom control of asthma, earlier onset of symptoms and lower lung function. Additionally, (c) methylome profiling with methylome-derived epigenetic clock in nasal respiratory epithelial cells (REC) of asthmatic children showed premature epithelial cell aging in overweight asthmatics. Therefore, we now investigated obesity-related inflammation, including the pathways of adipocytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in (i) the ALLIANCE cohort and (ii) a murine model of perinatal obesity with pharmacological IL-6 intervention.

Methods: (i) In 324 study participants (asthmatics and controls, mean age: 9,6 years [SD: 4.0], 123 females [38%], 201 males [62%]) we conducted a cytokine cluster analysis in CD3/CD28 stimulated whole blood of asthmatic children to test for association with clinical parameters. Furthermore, in 139 patients and controls we investigated IL-6 related analytes for possible correlation with BMI and GINA symptom control in the asthmatics. (ii) In a murine perinatal obesity model, we analyzed aging-associated processes (e.g., DNA damage) in bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) via immunofluorescent staining with yH2AX after postnatal pharmacological inhibition of IL-6 cis- and trans- signaling using mIL-6Ab or sgp130Fc, respectively.

Results: On a molecular level, assessment of cytokine modules in CD3/CD28 stimulated whole blood of asthmatic children identified a cytokine cluster that correlated with high BMI (p<0,001) and lower lung function trajectory (p<0,01) in asthmatics. On a clinical level, lower levels of soluble gp130 (sgp130), a natural inhibitor of IL-6 trans-signaling, were associated with high BMI (p<0,001) and lower symptom control (p<0,01). (ii) In the murine model, perinatal obesity was linked to increased signs of aging (i.e. higher DNA damage response) in BECs, which was protected against when IL-6 trans-signaling was inhibited with sgp130Fc (p<0,01).

Conclusion: Our results highlight the impact of obesity-associated meta-inflammation, specifically the role of IL6 trans-signaling, on lower symptom control as an indicator of asthma severity in childhood. Obesity-driven premature aging of respiratory epithelial cells could be a pathomechanism for epithelial dysfunction and targeting IL-6 trans-signaling could be a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with obesity-related asthma.



SR: T1006: 9

Rezessiv vererbter Mangel an sekretorischem WFDC2 (HE4) verursacht Nasenpolypen und Bronchiektasen

Gerard William Dougherty, Tabea Nöthe-Menchen, Lawrence Ostrowski, Johanna Raidt, Andre Schramm, Heike Olbrich, Weining Yin, Patrick Sears, Hong Dang, Amanda Smith, Achim Beule, Rim Hjeij, Niels Rutjes, Eric Haarman, Saskia Maas, Thomas Ferkol, Peadar Noone, Kenneth Olivier, Diana Bracht, Pascal Barbry, Laure-Emmanuelle Zaragosi, Morgane Fierville, Sabine Kliesch, Kai Wohlgemuth, Julia König, Sebastian George, Agathe Ceppe, Yuan-Ping Pang, Hong Luo, Ting Guo, Hoda Rizk, Tarek Eldesoky, Karsten Boldt, Katrin Dahlke, Marius Ueffing, David Hill, Matthew Markovetz, Niki Loges, Michael Knowles, Maimoona Zariwala, Heymut Omran

Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Deutschland

Rationale: Bronchiektasen sind eine pathologische Erweiterung der Bronchien in den Atemwegen, die mit umweltbedingten oder genetischen Ursachen (z. B. Mukoviszidose, primäre ziliäre Dyskinesie und primäre Immundefizienzstörungen) assoziiert sind. Die meisten Fälle bleiben jedoch idiopathisch.

Ziele: Identifikation neuer genetischer Defekte in ungelösten Fällen von Bronchiektasen, die mit schwerer Rhinosinusitis, Nasenpolypen und pulmonaler Infektion durch Pseudomonas aeruginosa einhergehen.

Methoden: DNA wurde mittels Next-Generation-Sequencing oder gezielter Sanger- Sequenzierung analysiert. RNA wurde durch quantitative PCR und Einzelzell-RNA-Sequenzierung untersucht. Patientenabgeleitete Zellen, Zellkulturen und Sekrete (Schleim, Speichel, Samenflüssigkeit) wurden mittels Western Blotting und Immunfluoreszenzmikroskopie analysiert, und die mukoziliäre Aktivität wurde gemessen. Blutserum wurde mit einem elektrochemilumineszenten Immunoassay untersucht. Proteinstrukturanalysen und proteomische Untersuchungen wurden genutzt, um die Auswirkungen einer krankheitsverursachenden Gründervariante zu bewerten.

Messungen und Hauptergebnisse: Wir identifizierten biallelische pathogene Varianten im WAP four-disulfide core domain 2 (WFDC2) bei 11 Personen aus 10 nicht verwandten Familien, die aus den Vereinigten Staaten, Europa, Asien und Afrika stammen. Die Expression von WFDC2 wurde vorwiegend in sekretorischen Zellen des Kontroll-Atemwegepithels sowie in submukösen Drüsen nachgewiesen. Wir zeigen, dass WFDC2 bei WFDC2-defizienten Personen unterhalb der Nachweisgrenze im Blutserum liegt und in Proben von Speichel, Samenflüssigkeit und Flüssigkeit der Atemwegsoberfläche kaum nachweisbar ist. Computersimulationen und Deglykosylierungsassays deuten darauf hin, dass die krankheitsverursachende Gründervariante p.Cys49Arg die Glykosylierung und damit die Sekretion des reifen WFDC2 strukturell beeinträchtigt.

Schlussfolgerungen: WFDC2-Dysfunktion stellt eine neuartige molekulare Ätiologie der Bronchiektasen dar, die durch einen Mangel an einem sekretierten Bestandteil der Atemwege gekennzeichnet ist. Ein kommerziell verfügbarer Bluttest in Kombination mit genetischer Testung ermöglicht die Diagnose.