Immunity of pacemakers near high power systems at 85 kHz
Chaïma Elharti1,2,3, Lucien Hammen4, Mohamed Bensetti1,2, Lionel Pichon1,2, Den Palessonga1,2,3
1Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Electronique de Paris (GeePs), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75252, Paris, France; 2Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Electronique de Paris (GeePs), Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; 3ESME Research Lab, 94200, Ivry-sur-Seine, France; 4Laboratoire d’Electromagnétisme, Vibrations et Optique, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
Inductive Power Transmission (IPT) is increasingly being explored as an innovative solution to address the challenges faced by electric vehicles (EVs), by helping extend the driving range, reduce battery size requirements, and improve overall energy efficiency. However, several challenges must be addressed to ensure its widespread adoption. One key concern is electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), as IPT systems generate electromagnetic fields (EMF) that may interfere with nearby electronic devices, including active medical implants. Since these implants rely on precise electrical signals to function correctly, exposure to strong EMFs from IPT systems could potentially cause malfunctions, affecting patient safety by inducing voltages in their circuits. The objective of this paper is to quantify the induced voltages in pacemakers exposed to radiated fields and evaluate the potential for interference. The pacemaker is exposed to a magnetic field around a frequency of 85 kHz, first in a homogeneous field generated by a Helmholtz coil, and then in a real-scale wireless power transfer system.
Influence of Chassis Materials and Human Postures on the EMF Safety of a Dynamic-WPT System for Automotive Applications
Valerio De Santis1, Wassim Boumerdassi1, Tommaso Campi2, Mauro Feliziani1
1University of L'Aquila, Italy; 2Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
In this study, the exposure of humans to magnetic fields emitted by a wireless power transfer (WPT) system during the dynamic charging operations of a compact electric vehicle (EV) is evaluated. Specifically, different postures of realistic anatomical models, i.e., standing or lying outside and driving inside the EV are considered. The influence of the car chassis material is investigated as well. Compliance with EMF safety standards has proven that reference levels are exceeded in the extreme case of a bystander or lying person on the sidewalk at few centimetres from the car and of a driver when the chassis is modelled as carbon fiber. However, the system is always compliant with the basic restrictions, at least for the considered scenarios.
Laboratory WPT3 11kW Wireless Power Transfer System compliant to IEC 61980 Class B H-Field Limits based on Reference Designs
Maximilian Hollenbach, Christian Koker
ifak - Institut für Automation und Kommunikation e. V.
In this paper we present a laboratory-style 11 kW Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system based on the IEC 61980/SAE J2954 reference designs for coils and system architecture. To the knowledge of the authors, it is the first of its kind that’s H-Field emissions were measured to be below the IEC 61980 Class B limits in the range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz. We present different approaches to reduce emissions and analyze emission measurement results illustrating their influence. We discuss the applicability to product designs and limits of the presented system.
Multi-objective Optimization of a WPT System for UAVs
Mohammed TERRAH1,2,3, Mostafa-Kamel SMAIL1,2,3, Lionel PICHON1,2, Mohamed BENSETTI1,2, Abdelhak GOUDJIL3
1Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Group of electrical and electronic engineering of Paris (GeePs); 2Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Group of electrical and electronic engineering of Paris (GeePs); 3Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées Paris (IPSA)
Inductive Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a promising solution for extending the mission range and duration and ensuring energy autonomy of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). However, integrating this system introduces additional weight to the UAV, which is a significant drawback. Moreover, the presence of the drone in a magnetic field environment may pose risks to its onboard electronics. In this paper, an optimized of WPT system is presented, where system efficiency, weight, and radiated magnetic field are considered as key objectives. The optimization process is conducted using a Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) combined with a Meta-model. The Meta-model is developed based on a coupled approach, using a magnetic and an electrical circuit models for database generation, and Neural Networks (NN) for meta-modeling. An optimal configuration is identified and analyzed under misalignment conditions, demonstrating improved WPT system performance and reduced exposure to magnetic fields.
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