Conference Agenda

This study examines the penetration of low-frequency magnetic fields into a rectangular enclosure using an analytical approach. The problem of magnetic field penetration into a two-dimensional rectangular enclosure with a slot, subjected to an incident field at an arbitrary angle, is solved using Fourier transform and mode-matching techniques. Vector magnetic potentials are defined to derive the magnetic field in each region, with modal solutions expressed in terms of Fourier series for the slot region. The transverse and normal magnetic field continuity conditions at the slot are applied to compute the modal solution, which is then used to determine the field in all other regions. The study compares the internal magnetic field magnitude as a function of the incident field angle and slot position.

This study introduces a new 1GHz triaxial cell for shielding effectiveness measurement of textile sleeves used in cable protection against EMI in the various transport sectors. First, we evaluated this new triaxial cell with the measurements made with the textile sleeves provided by Tenneco. The S parameters and transfer impedance will be checked and improvements to the existing test bench will be proposed to validate the presented model. At first, a bibliographical review is done to describe a general point of view on the various models of electromagnetic shielding of cables and test techniques to validate different aspects of electromagnetic compatibility. The measured results are closely aligned with the theoretical predictions.

In this paper, a novel Frequency Selective Rasorber (FSR) based on resistors is presented. Due to its properties, it can be cataloged as an A-T-A-T type. Two transmission bands are located at the C and X bands, and two absorption bands are settled at the sides of the passbands, reducing Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). The structure consists of multiple layers with a total thickness of 5.808mm. The dimension of the unit cell is 11mm×11mm, corresponding to the wavelength of the resonant frequency (4GHz) approximately 0.147λ0×0.147λ0. The reflectance remains below 10% from 4 to 11.4GHz under normal incidence. Due to its compact size, the structure performs well, especially against oblique incident angles in Transverse Magnetic (TM) polarization.

This paper addresses the challenges of analyzing random electromagnetic field coupling to transmission lines, which are critical for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Traditional deterministic methods struggle with stochastic variations. To overcome this, the study employs machine learning, specifically Support Vector Machine (SVM) regression, to create an efficient surrogate model. Trained on simulation data, the model accurately predicts system behavior under random conditions, reducing computational complexity compared to Monte Carlo simulations. The approach enhances EMC studies by providing a scalable and robust method for analyzing random field coupling effects on transmission lines.

This study introduces a novel numerical approach for modeling radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) in GaN-based power converters, focusing on a 48V/12V-10A half-bridge buck converter for automotive applications. Using Ansys HFSS simulations and experimental measurements, the near-field electromagnetic behavior was accurately predicted, identifying peak intensities at 61 MHz, 122 MHz, and 210 MHz. Near-field cartography revealed high-intensity zones near switching components and low-intensity regions, aiding in EMI hotspot identification and design optimization. The methodology validates simulation accuracy and provides a tool for EMI prediction and mitigation during the design phase, reducing post-production costs.

A detailed analysis of radiated emissions of a variable speed motor drive is presented. Large variation of radiated emissions by changes of the EMC setup without modifying the converter itself are demonstrated and explained. Modifications of the setup include the use of either a shielded or unshielded supply cable, the use of a CMAD, or changes of the cable ground connections. The strong variations in measured radiated emissions are in agreement with full-wave simulations, and can be predicted by an effective model presented here.

This study aims to improve the performance of communication antennas installed on a warship by optimizing their placements. To achieve this, electromagnetic analysis of the warship's antennas is conducted using the transient solver of Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio® (MWS). This analysis aims to identify the optimal placement of these antennas which minimize electromagnetic coupling and maximize far-field radiation pattern performance.

This work explores the characterization and analysis of the electromagnetic emissions (EM) of the Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) board of a CubeSat developed at UNAM, using an EMxpert near-field scanner in the 150 kHz to 2.45 GHz range. The analysis is conducted in different operating modes, obtaining spectra and 3D spatial visualizations to identify critical emission areas. Regions of low and high electromagnetic emissions are identified. The obtained results will provide key factors to describe the electromagnetic behavior of the PCB under the operation modes of the subsystem. This work will be part of a broader analysis of EMC interference inside the CubeSat by evaluating all the boards that constitute the platform.

In this paper, we propose a modeling of the transient behavior of a grounding system. This modeling, in the frequency or time domain, is developed from the equations of non-uniform transmission lines (nuTL) and the numerical method of finite differences. The equations of non-uniform transmission lines will make it possible to introduce in the proposed mathematical model all the electromagnetic couplings which occur during the spatial discretization of the grounding composed of conductive wires and thus approach the full-wave modeling deduced from the Maxwell's equations. The frequency modeling that we propose makes it possible to consider the variation with the frequency of the electrical characteristics (resistivity and permittivity) of the ground and the temporal modeling to consider the ionization of the ground when the injected current is of very high intensity.

Utilizing current monitoring probes to record the electrostatic discharge (ESD) current waveform during immunity testing has always been a fundamental component of the System-Efficient ESD Design (SEED) methodology. However, positioning the probe around the tip of the generator to capture the entirety of the waveform has raised concerns regarding potential probe loading effects that may distort the current measurements. In this work, these effects are investigated experimentally in conjunction with the IEC 61000-4-2 testing standard. Furthermore, an electromagnetic (EM) model is developed to validate the experimental findings and extend the analysis to various load impedances.

This study extends prior research on the electrostatic discharge immunity of SpaceWire (SpW) links by presenting an electromagnetic simulation approach for analyzing and enhancing the resilience of SpW interfaces and cables against ESD disturbances. The model was validated by comparing simulated shield currents with previously published measurements, demonstrating good agreement despite simplifications in modeling the ESD generator and SpW simulator. Parametric analyses highlighted the influence of installation and manufacturing characteristics on induced currents, emphasizing the value of simulation in understanding ESD effects. This work provides a practical tool for designers and manufacturers to improve SpW system robustness against ESD events.

In an environment such as a car, passengers are constantly exposed to multiple field sources. The mutual influence between field sources and other factors, such as the cable harnesses' route and the chassis' material, makes evaluating the local electromagnetic fields and their potential effects on passengers challenging. This paper introduces an efficient approach for implementing the weighted peak method (WPM). With this investigation, it is possible to achieve compliance with ICNIRP guidelines in the automotive industry for the frequency range from 1 Hz to 400 kHz. The proposed approach helps with different signals and provides solutions for multiple influencing factors of the resulting exposure index, such as the number of sources, the complexity of signals, and the influence of noise in the environment. The latter is proven through multiple measurements. The results indicate that for a signal (e.g., bandlimited noise-BLN with 200 Hz) with a measurement duration of approximately up to 10 seconds, the deviation of the results between calculation and direct measurement can be up to 35%.

Green urban infrastructure, such as large city parks, is a heterogeneous microenvironment where electromagnetic radiation (EMR) experience multi reflections and absorptions, which may have an impact on the parameters of local electromagnetic landscape (EMLS), i.e. the spatial distribution of EMR amplitude-frequency parameters. Taking into account the variability of plants vegetation between seasons, also the impact caused by a park on EMLS may change between seasons. The visitors of city parks, entering this microenvironment during the working day or recreationally in free time may require uninterrupted access to mobile radiocommunication services or may be looking for places with weaker EMR exposure. In this work the local EMLS is parameterized by statistical descriptors of EMR emitted from the base stations of public radiocommunication networks. EMR is monitored during walking inside a park under question using autonomous wearable radiofrequency EMR data-loggers, sensitive to multi narrow frequency bands of down-link emissions from base stations. The results of the four-seasons monitoring of local EMLS inside a medium-size city park revealed less heterogeneous EMLS inside the park during seasons with active vegetation of trees (from spring to autumn).

In electronic device design, it is crucial to establish rules to address electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) considerations upfront. Systems under consideration can be modeled to simulate physical phenomena prior to their integration into an electronic device. This paper explores and evaluates two meta-modeling approaches: neural networks and kriging. We examine a crosstalk issue utilizing Kron’s method, known for its ability to deliver precise results, making it suitable for practical applications.

From the analysis of the measured switching signals as well as the switching edges of the GaN-HFETs in a DC-DC converter and their verification with modelled periodic switching signals, a correlation with the frequency spectrum of conducted and radiated electromagnetic emissions was investigated, which is relevant for automotive applications.

Multisourcing of diodes must be considered during design activities, especially for EMC. For immunity aspects, several characteristics are relevant to compare the different sources. This paper proposes a method to obtain the critical parameters of a diode and to analyze their impact on diode immunity behavior. A simple DPI setup is used to model an immunity test. Impedance, junction capacitance and I-V characteristic of the diode are measured to create a model of the diode and build the DPI test in circuit simulation. Simulation results show the need for an accurate model of the junction capacitance. Finally, the components tolerance and measurement accuracy are integrated in the simulation to estimate the possible deviation in the DPI setup. Those criteria are considered for immunity aspect only. For emission aspect, additional characteristic needs to be analyzed.

This paper evaluates GaN Systems' (Infineon) proposed GaN HEMT Level 1 and Level 3 models for the GS66504B transistor, focusing on their ability to replicate current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics through LTSPICE simulations and experimental measurements. Both the simulation and experimental setups for the I-V and C-V characteristics are detailed, along with the corresponding measurement results and analyses. An optimization method is applied to the static model to enhance its alignment with experimental data. Finally, as this comprehensive model forms the basis for an overall electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) model for power applications, simulated current and voltage waveforms, resulting from the integration of the GaN HEMT into a DC-DC converter topology, were presented and analyzed.

In this paper, a study on the temperature dependency of the dV/dt and dI/dt and electromagnetic interference (EMI) generation is proposed for IGBT, Si MOSFET and SiC MOSFET. During the switching transient, the junction temperature TJ1 of the low-side switch affects the switching behaviour of the devices, while the junction temperature TJ2 of the high-side switch affects the devices’ turn-on characteristics. The impacts of TJ1 and TJ2 are thereby investigated separately to identify their influence on the dV/dt, dI/dt and EMI generation. Based on theoretical analyses and experimental study, the dependencies of the TJ1 and TJ2 on dV/dt and dI/dt for IGBT, Si MOSFET and SiC MOSFET are clarified. Using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the trapezoidal switching waveforms of the devices, the dependencies of TJ1 and TJ2 on the EMI generation are also investigated.

Advances in semiconductor technology and growing adoption of localized renewables are driving greater integration of DC-output power electronic converters in DC grids, creating significant EMC challenges in the 2–150 kHz range. This paper investigates such issues using time & frequency domain analysis through a laboratory based DC grid. The setup includes a black-box DC supply connected to three identical open-box DC/DC converters via four different DC-link capacitors. Differential mode conducted EMI is measured at the point of common coupling in the DC grid. Peak voltage levels in the frequency domain (in dBμV) and average voltage levels (in V) in the time domain are analysed, as three converters are connected sequentially. The results indicate that variations in DC-link capacitance significantly influence impedance interactions between the DC supply, converters and DC-link, thereby affecting the resulting conducted EMI. The findings highlight the need for further research and standardization to regulate EMC in DC grids and connected converters.

As more parts of eco-friendly vehicles, like electric and hybrid models, become electrified, many components are now designed as electronic control systems. Key parts of the vehicle, such as the steering and braking systems, are also electrified and integrated as electronic systems. These systems include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) and an actuator. The ECU communicates with the VCU (Vehicle Control Unit) to control the actuator, and it also monitors various vehicle components in real time to ensure proper operation. The ECU’s MCU (Micro Control Unit) handles this real-time monitoring, checking that everything is functioning correctly and detecting any failures when they occur. If a failure is detected, the system sends the failure codes to the VCU via CAN (Controller Area Network) communication, and these are then displayed as warning lights on the instrument panel. In component-level EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) verification, real-time monitoring ensures that all functions of the DUT (Device Under Test) are operating properly while electromagnetic waves are applied through various immunity tests. This paper focuses on issues found in the three-phase motor current sensing part of the motor inverter circuit during the BCI (Bulk Current Injection) test in the motor control system. We verified the problem using 3D modeling and electromagnetic analysis, and proposed an improved design for the motor current sensing issue in the inverter circuit.

The increasing adoption of adjustable speed drives (ASDs) and high-speed power switches has led to electromagnetic interference (EMI) challenges, making accurate EMI modeling essential. This study investigates the measurement of Common Mode (CM) impedance of three-phase induction motors using pulse Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) as an alternative to Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) measurements. The fundamentals of CM impedance measurement using VNAs and pulse FRA are elaborated. The pulse FRA method is implemented with varying pulse frequencies and duty cycles, and its results are compared to VNA measurements over a frequency range of 1 kHz to 30 MHz. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrates that the pulse FRA method can serve as a viable alternative to VNA measurement while maintaining a reasonable level of accuracy.

This paper addresses unwanted intermodulation effects in CMOS circuits, which cause interference in the high–frequency (HF) band (3–30 MHz) and the very high-frequency (VHF) band (30–300 MHz). A method for measuring interference signals using spectral analysis derived from a fast Fourier transformed (FFT) time–domain signal is demonstrated. The analysis reveals that intermodulation between a clock signal and a sinusoidal disturbance signal on the supply voltage results in amplitude modulation (AM), where the intrinsic diode in CMOS technology acts as the AM modulator.

This study highlights how interference signals injected into the power supply can generate additional unwanted spectral content due to intermodulation effects caused by parasitic diodes. It allows to understand the mechanisms behind the effect to later avoid this possible negative effects in chip design.

For a switch mode power supply (SMPS), generating some common mode noise (cm) is expected to be inherent. In order to reduce the cm levels, Y-capacitors are inserted to provide a current return path bypassing the mains. Due to these capacitances in addition to internal ones of the transformer, a significant current flowing towards earth seems unavoidable. However, there are applications where this earth current is limited. In a SMPS designed for these requirements using Y-capacitors is simply not possible. This paper documents a successful approach for such a power supply with an output power of 1.5 kW.

With the severe climatic changes it became essential to mitigate greenhouse gases. One of the key factors to mitigate the greenhouse gases is substituting the non-renewable energy sources with green renewable energy. Despite having lot of privileges, the extensive installation of renewable energy at the low voltage grid has led to instability in the grid voltage due to dynamic changes in the generation-consumption relationship. Therefore, dynamic solutions became needed to intervene and restore the grid voltage stability. This paper shows the importance of using distributed energy storage units in the low-voltage grid to restore its voltage stability.

In this paper an optimized design approach for multi-output transformers used in switched-mode power supplies (SMPS) is presented by leveraging electromagnetic 3D simulations. Traditional transformer design methods are intended to be used in various applications in industry requiring the prediction of key parameters such as transformer impedances, leakage inductance, and parasitic effects, which lead to costly iterations and prolonged development time. Using CST Studio, we accurately model and analyze these parameters which are validated through measurements. This integration of high-fidelity electromagnetic modeling significantly reduces design iterations, which improves efficiency and cost-effectiveness. In addition, generating SPICE-equivalent models from 3D simulations enables comprehensive SMPS system verification before hardware implementation. At the end, this approach enhances transformer reliability, reduces time-to-market, and provides a structured path for future advancements, that’s include thermal analysis and real-world performance optimization.

This paper investigates the distribution characteristics of Low-Noise Amplifier(LNA) threshold under different High-Power Microwave (HPM) parameters through injection method. The research results indicate that as the frequency increases, the threshold of LNA gradually decreases. In additon, the pulse width is negatively correlated with the threshold, meaning that the wider the pulse width, the lower the threshold; while the period is positively correlated with the threshold, meaning that the longer the period, the higher the threshold.

A probabilistic model and method for deriving radiation limits are presented considering fifth generation (5G) systems. The emission criteria are defined relative to the receiver’s system noise level independently of modulation and coding schemes of 5G, which makes limits derivation much simpler. The interference scenario is characterized by the two-dimensional density of interference sources and the minimum separation distance from the receiver. Typical probabilistic factors, radiation directivity, receiver antenna gain, time/frequency coincidences, and building effects are applied. Limit values are derived with an 80% probability that the interference level from the most contributing source will be lower than the protection criteria.

Inter-laboratory Comparisons (ILC) and Proficiency Testing (PT) are important and essential tools to evaluate the technical competence of calibration / test laboratories and to assure the quality of test results. Moreover, it is also stipulated by ISO/IEC 17025 that all laboratories must participate in inter-laboratory comparison programs for all types of measurements performed in laboratories when suitable comparison measurements are commenced. Although inter-laboratory comparisons on emission tests are widely organized, inter-laboratory comparisons on immunity tests are rare. In this study, firstly an inter-laboratory comparison methodology for immunity testing was developed along with a comparison device and thereafter an inter-laboratory comparison that includes the MIL-STD-461G CS114 test was organized by ASELSAN REHİS as the pilot laboratory. Finally, comparison results are presented and evaluated. Three preeminent military EMC test laboratories operating in Turkey participated in this immunity comparison test and the statistical evaluation of the participating laboratories was made by using the En method according to ISO/IEC 17043.

In this paper, a new calibration approach for inductive probes in mixed-mode parameter for contactless impedance measurements is presented. This methods aims to overcome one of the issues of reflection based impedance measurements utilizing inductive probes. The goal is to increase the accuracy and thus allow new design approaches in the field of EMC-design. The adaption is verified by various measurements, which are compared against an analytical model.

Uncertainty evaluation during D-dot sensor calibration is crucial. To measure an electric field, a meticulous calibration measurement is required. In order to precisely calibrate the sensor, measurement uncertainty needs to be quantified. Currently, three methods for calibration measurement uncertainty are commonly used in the domain (the Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), the ISO5725-2 standard and the Monte Carlo evaluation), but no precise comparison is available in the literature. This paper provides a guide to the selection of the most appropriate method by comparing each one and concluding the GUM technique as the most appropriate.

Based on a linear error model and state-of-the-art calibration techniques, high-resolution polarimetric radar cross-section (RCS) measurements of small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAVs) are presented. The RCS is analyzed in the resonant region. The results are discussed in context of dominant coupling paths and radar-based identification of sUAVs.

The aim of the work presented in this article was to conduct research using the effects of RF wave reflections to improve the reading efficiency of tags used in RFID (Radio-Frequency IDentification) systems. The reason for undertaking the work was the commonly known fact that the effectiveness of reading RFID tags decreased in the presence of "obstacles", e.g. water or metal or external electromagnetic interference. In order to increase the repeatability of measurement results and to ensure reflections only from moving equipment elements for better understanding of the phenomenon, the tests were carried out in an EMC semi-anechoic chamber. The aim of this work was also to perform computer simulations of the electromagnetic field intensity in the RFID systems for presentation of the complexity of field distribution in semi-anechoic chamber

The aim of this paper is to provide useful know-how for the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) engineering community to accomplish a successful establishment of a reverberation chamber (RC). An RC converted from a shielded chamber (SC) is special in such a way that different types of foreign objects can possibly alter the field uniformity (FU). In this paper, the effect of the presence of wooden objects in this type of chamber is investigated by electromagnetic simulations and measurements while considering an improved stirrer fixture representation.