We conducted a systematic review of what has been done on “embeddedness” in international entrepreneurship over last 20 years (with 276 selected papers) to explore the concept and its dynamic roles. We clarify the overlapping concepts, the measurement, the mechanisms and the outcome related to embeddedness in a proposed framework. Our mapping identifies how embeddedness can add value to business ventures overtime and how to nurture and develop it as an adaptive capability. Our finding shows that the complexity of embeddedness is under researched and the interaction between embeddedness, international entrepreneurs, and the dynamic environment requires consolidated study. We propose that embeddedness should be studied from a dynamic process perspective, how it originated, evolved and is leveraged. Using the entrepreneurial process lens, our review shows that embeddedness emerged through three entrepreneurial phases under different roles, from (i) cognitive form at the idea generation stage to (ii) actual business engagement in fund raising and (iii) as impactful outcome (internationalization and innovation) at growth stage. The multilevel of embeddedness including intensity, depth, and breadth can be modified via the entrepreneurial learning/unlearning mechanisms and leveraged to its highest value when integrating in a system orchestrating the dynamic of individuals, organizational, and societal attributes.

Using a historical case study of Telecom Finland, I contribute to the research on firm internationalization processes by moving beyond the simple notion of history matters to how past internationalization influences future internationalization. I decompose the influence of the past into junctures—brief periods when organizations develop routines and structures that carry the influence of the past—and processual periods—long periods other than junctures when routines and structures remain stable or change gradually. I characterize internationalization as a multipath process where junctures create opportunities for path creation which are either realized or unrealized during the following processual periods. I argue that internationalization path creation is especially challenging when there is an ongoing internationalization path in which routines and structures are strengthened, i.e., the influence of past internationalization on future internationalization is getting stronger. I also contribute to our understanding of the interactions between internationalization processes and managerial agency by exploring how structures direct agency during junctures and processual periods. During junctures, organizations are more sensitive to the redefinition of internationalization routines and structures giving a significant role to agency. Whereas during processual periods agency tends to be limited to smaller adaptations to changes in the environment.

The study addresses the open questions of what aspects of a market need to change and what types (groups) of re-entries are there, using a unique dataset of over 140 re-entries. Five factors have been identified by the study as potentially leading to re-entry: change in strategy, partner/operation mode/business model, financial condition, market attractiveness, and regulation. These variables allow six re-entry groups to be distinguished from one another. The study demonstrates how those six groups correspond to different re-entry timepoints.

The value of internationalization is not straightforward for family firms but requires an assessment of the endeavor in light of their preferences in socioemotional wealth. Families, as the dominant coalition, guide managers’ internationalization decision by providing reference points that suggest the family’s temporal orientation, which may align with or contradict internationalization. However, extant research tends to omit the heterogeneity among family firms and therefore produces inconclusive results about their internationalization behavior. We build on the Attention-based view and focus on differences in narratives as a situation’s peculiarity that causes heterogeneity in decision-making. Applying the information-processing lens of the Attention-based view and shifting the focus on the microfoundations of internationalization decisions allows understanding varying behavior of family firms. Integrating literature about motivated reasoning, we propose a cognitive mechanism that links firms’ temporal orientation, managers’ attentional engagement, and their internationalization decision for the family firm. Empirically, we aim to test this relationship in an experimental vignette design with approximately 120 managers from Austrian family firms and incorporate elements from MouselabWeb, which allows tracing managers’ information processing. This study therefore contributes to a better understanding of the sources of heterogeneity in family firm internationalization and enriches recent literature about the managers’ situated attention.

Circular economy emerged from economics and environmental wellbeing, is one of the most relevant contemporary trends of the global society. Tensions and risks of existing linear eco-nomic systems has explicitly made these systems unsustainable and human being life on the planet confronted with serious environmental, economic and social warnings. At the same time with the global call, research on areas involving circular economy is growing, accelerating this transition, including emergence of circular business models for implementing circular economy strategies. In this study, we aim to identify and classify circular strategies in business models through qualitative analysis of previous studies. We form a framework of circular business model activities and elements that can be further used to develop a circular business model pos-sibly with other cross-disciplinary areas, for leaders and entrepreneurs who aim to circularize their businesses.