Sustainability has been, is, and will continue to be a significant global challenge requiring urgent action. In 2015 the United Nations established within what was called Agenda 2030 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that it hoped to have achieved by 2030 through the involvement of the public and private sectors, including multinational enterprises (MNEs). Of these two sectors, it perhaps is the private sector which has made the most progress, particularly with respect to how MNEs have changed the way they operate to address a broad range of sustainability issues, from the effects of global warming to the SDGs. Despite this, though, much of Agenda 2030 will not be met, leading one to wonder what might come afterward. Given that the sustainability challenges MNEs are facing are not going to go away once 2030 comes – indeed, they are likely to become more severe, exacerbated by the increasing uncertain effects of global warming and rising geopolitical tensions – how might we expect them to behave? This is the central question to this debate panel.