This panel symposium aims to highlight the impact of geopolitical risk on the environmental impact of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in an increasingly interconnected world. Given that MNEs are 'border-crossing multi-locational enterprises,' increasing geopolitical risk due to increasing cross-border conflicts, populist governments, or protectionist policies can negatively affect MNE activities generally but have particularly deleterious consequences for the environmental performance of the MNEs. Some of the key issues we discuss in this panel are how geopolitical conflicts are reshaping the sustainability-driven environmental policies of governments and the ability of MNEs to adopt or innovate environmentally-friendly processes and technologies. Additionally, we consider how the environmental impact of MNE activities in this complex geopolitical landscape is negatively affected by industrial policy misalignment when driven by ideological concerns and why regional industrial policies must be coordinated to mitigate the environmental impact of MNE activities.