1:45pm - 2:00pmMO3-4: 1
Low-carbon fuels for non-road machinery: Emissions from a 45 kW one-cylinder four-stroke engine operated on ammonia with diesel pilot ignition
Felix Wenig, Uwe Etzien, Hendryk Czech, Thorsten Streibel, Ralf Zimmermann, Bert Buchholz
University of Rostock, Germany
Sustainable energy transition aligns with UN Goal 7. Carbon-based fuel combustion emits CO₂, methane, and black carbon, worsening climate change. Contrasting hydrogen, ammonia (NH₃) is easier to store and transport but requires a pilot fuel for combustion because of bad ignition properties. In a dual-fuel engine study, replacing diesel with NH₃ reduced CO₂ emissions but increased N₂O and NOx. Nevertheless, at 80% diesel substitution, CO₂-equivalent greenhouse gas emissions dropped by 78%, while soot emissions also decreased. However, NH₃ and NOx emissions may enhance secondary aerosol formation, necessitating exhaust aftertreatment to mitigate environmental impacts for the low-carbon fuel alternative diesel/NH3.
2:00pm - 2:15pmMO3-4: 2
Black carbon and light-absorbing properties of fresh and photochemically aged aerosol emissions from a marine diesel engine operated with low sulfur fuels
Tuukka Kokkola1, Jason Scott2, Andreas Paul3, Timothy Sipkens2, Deeksha Shukla4,5, Anusmita Das5, Mika Ihalainen1, Uwe Etzien6, Zheng Fang7, Anni Hartikainen1, Martin Sklorz5, Bert Buchholz6, Thorsten Streibel4,5, Thorsten Hohaus3, Yinon Rudich7, Johan Øvrevik8,9, Ralf Zimmermann4,5, Joel Corbin2, Olli Sippula1,10
1Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Finland; 2Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, K1A 0R6, Canada; 3Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Germany; 4Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059, Germany; 5Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Germany; 6Chair of Piston Machines and Internal Combustion Engines, University of Rostock, 18059, Germany; 7Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Israel; 8Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213, Norway; 9Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0213, Norway; 10Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Finland
Shipping is a significant source of light absorbing aerosols, i.e. black (BC) and brown carbon (BrC), which contribute to atmospheric warming. In 2020, the International Maritime Organization introduced a global regulation that reduced the maximum allowed sulfur content in fuels from 3.5 to 0.5% to mitigate sulfur pollution. We examined the light absorbing properties of fresh and aged aerosol emissions from a ship engine using fuels complying with the two major sulfur regulations. The results demonstrated that aerosol emissions from globally compliant LS-HFO can exhibit light-absorbing characteristics similar to SECA-compliant MGO, but with stronger overall absorption.
2:15pm - 2:30pmMO3-4: 3
Equivalent Black Carbon in automotive brake emissions
Sara Bengtsdotter1, Jussi Hoivala2, Yezhe Lyu3, Vilhelm Malmborg1,4, Martin Ek5, Topi Rönkkö2, Jens Wahlström3, Joakim Pagels1,4
1Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden; 2Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Tampere, 33100, Finland; 3Department of Industrial and Mechanical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden; 4Nanolund, Lund University, Sweden; 5Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Sweden
Brake wear particles, generated from the brake pad – brake disc contact, contribute significantly to particle emissions from vehicle transport. We use the pin on disc method to experimentally simulate mild and harsh braking using samples from comercial brake discs and brake pads. We find that BWP have substantial absorption at wavelengths spanning from UV to IR assessed with an aethalometer. The absorption is around 10% that of Black Carbon. We discuss the source of the absorbing material in BWP and the implications of the results on source apportionment of transport emissions.
2:30pm - 2:45pmMO3-4: 4
Air quality implications of a large waste treatment facility fire in Tampere
Atte Ojala1, Ukko-Ville Mäkinen1, Petteri Marjanen1, Milja Jäppi1, Lauri Savolainen1, Tuomas Ylihärsilä1, Mari Honkanen2, Panu Karjalainen1
1Tampere University, Finland; 2Tampere Microscopy Center, Tampere University, Finland
A large waste treatment facility fire in Rusko, Tampere (November 2024) caused severe air pollution, with PM2.5 concentrations reaching 200 μg/m³ in nearby residential areas—almost 100 times the background level. Measurements using a mobile laboratory analyzed particle size, composition, and black carbon content. TEM analysis revealed diverse elements, including carbon, sulfur, and heavy metals. Despite high black carbon concentrations, organic compounds dominated. The smoke plume remained compact over long distances, worsening air quality. Findings highlight the severe impact of open waste burning on air pollution and health.
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